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Cell Structure
Graham Lee Cell Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Organelles | part of a cell with a specific function |
| Plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| Nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons (Concept 4.2); in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane (Concept |
| Cell wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| Prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| Eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| Nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| Nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| Golgi Apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| Vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| Mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| Ribosome | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| Flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| Cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| Cell specialization | The cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue |
| Centriole | A self-replicating, small, fibrous, cylindrical-shaped organelle, typically located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus in cells of most animals. It is involved in the process of nuclear division. |
| Cytoskeleton | A microscopic network or protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
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