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hbailey-CellularBio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organelle | part of a cell with a specific function |
| plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons (Concept 4.2); in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| cell wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| golgi apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| ribosome | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| cell specialization | The characteristic of having separate roles for each type of cell in a multicellular organism |
| centriole | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |
| cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell |
| Facilitated Diffusion | pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane |
| Endocytosis | process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane |
| Pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| Hypertonic Solution | having a higher concentration of solute than another solution |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Transport Protein | A transport protein is a protein which serves the function of moving other materials within an organism |
| Active Transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| Exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell |
| Isotonic Solution | having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | The Na+ /K+ -ATPase enzyme pumps sodium out of cells, while pumping potassium into cells. |
| Cellular Respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| Aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| Osmosis | passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Passive Transport | diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell |
| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans. |
| Hypotonic Solution | having a lower concentration of solute than another solution |
| Fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| Chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| Anaerobic | without oxygen |
Created by:
Hbailey1998
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