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CS Chapter 22 Study

STUDY GUIDE

TermDefinition
1. Name the 3 main types of plant cells. Parenchyma cell, Collenchyma cell, and Schlerenchyma cells.
2. Parenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. Functions include storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange, protection, and tissue repair and replacement they are found in potatos
3. Collenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. Funtions include support for surrounding tissues, provides flexibility for plant, and tissue repair and replacement. They are found in celery
4. Schlerenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. Functions include support and transport of materials. Found in pears.
5. Name the 4 main types of plant tissues. Meristematic tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissues, and ground tissue.
6. Describe meristemic tissues. region of rapidly dividing cells 3 types apical the roots and stems increase in length intercalary stem and leaf also increases in length lateral root and stem increases the diameter.
7. Describe dermal tissues. The layer of cells that makes up the outer covering on a plant is the epidermis. create a fatty substance that forms the cuticle if dermal tissue is injured it can lose water and get viruses and fungal infections.
8. Describe vascular tissues. Xylem transports substances away from the roots, composed of specialized cells called vessel elements and tracheids. Phloem transports dissolved sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant sieve tube member.
9. Describe ground tissues. Consist of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support. Most of a plant is composed of ground tissue well over half.
10. Describe root functions. Roots take in water and dissolved minerals that are transported to the rest of the plant.
11. List the layers of the root from the outside inward. epidermis, root cap, cortex, casparian strip, endodermis, pericycle, vascular tissue
12. Describe the functions of stems. The main function of a plant's stem is support of a plants leaves and reproductive structures Transport water and dissolved substances Stores food and water
14. Describe the functions of leaves. The main function of leaves is photosynthesis, also guard cells border a stoma where there can be gas exchange. Water travels from the roots up through the stems and into the leaves. Replacing the water used in photosynthesis.
15. Name the 4 plant hormones. Auxin, Gibberellins, Ethylene, and Cytokinin
16. Describe auxins and how they affect a plant. Stimulates the lengthening of cells Affects the rate of growth in roots stems, and leaves. Causes fruits to drop from the plant when it is ready.
17. Describe gibberellins and how they affect a plant. Causes cell elongation, stimulates cell division, and affects seed growth. Applying gibberellins to a plant can cause an increase in height.
18. Describe ethylene and how they affect a plant. Affects the ripening of fruits Fruits are softer and sweeter than unripe fruits. The only known gaseous hormone Found in plant tissues such as ripening fruits, dying leaves, and flowers
19. Describe cytokinins and how they affect a plant. Promote cell division by stimulating the production of the proteins needed for mitosis and cytokinesis. Produced in rapidly dividing cells.
20. Describe a nastic response and give 2 examples. A response of a plant that causes movement independent of the direction of the stimulus examples- Solar tracking Closing of a Venus flytrap's leaves. No growth in the plant maybe some movement but goes back to normal and is reversible.
21. Describe tropic response. A tropism is a plants growth response to an external stimulus.
22. Name and describe three tropisms. Phototropism is a growth response to light caused by an unequal disribution of auxin. Gravitropism are when roots grow with gravity- positive, stems grows away from gravity- negative. Thigmotropism are responses to a touch or a mechanical stimulus.
23. In stems, how are vascular tissues arranged for monocots and dicots? They contain vascular bundles, either in a circle near the edge of the stem as in dicots, or scattered throughout the stem as in monocots.
24. In roots, how are vascular tissues arranged for monocots and dicots? in dicots, the vascular tissue is in th shape of a star, while in monocots, it forms a ring around a central pith. Surrounding the stele in both types of roots is a cortex composed of parenchyma cells.
Phototropism Growth response to light- caused by an unequal distribution of auxin
Gravitropism Roots grow with gravity- positive, stems grows away from gravity- negative, growth response due to gravity
Thigmotropism response to a touch or a mechanical stimulus, if you have a vine and it comes next to a fence post it will wrap around it, it is a growth response due to mechanical stimuli.
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