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pgould- cell structu
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| Organelle | part of a cell with a specific function |
| Plasma Membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| Nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons (Concept 4.2); in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| Cell Wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| Prokaryotic Cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| Eukaryotic Cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| Nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| Golgi Apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| Vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| Mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| chloroplasts | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| Ribosomes | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| Flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| Cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| Cell Specialization | The cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue. |
| Centriole | A self-replicating, small, fibrous, cylindrical-shaped organelle, typically located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus in cells of most animals. It is involved in the process of nuclear division. |
| Cytoskeleton | The lattice or internal framework of a cell composed of protien filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm, and has a role in controlling cell shape, maintaining intmovement racelular organization, in any cell |
| phospholipid bilayer | two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane |
| endocytosis | the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. |
| pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. |
| hypertonic solution | having a higher concentration of solute than another solution |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| transport protein | |
| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell |
| isotonic solution | having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution |
| sodium potassium pump | |
| cellular respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| osmosis | passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell |
| phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans. |
| hypotonic solution | having a lower concentration of solute than another solution |
| fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
Created by:
2016gouldp
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