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aruberio-cellstuctur
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organelle | part of a cell with a specific function |
| plasma membrane | thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings |
| nucleus | in an atom, the central core that contains protons and neutrons ; in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| cytoplasm | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| cell wall | strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus |
| nucleolus | ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus |
| endoplasmic recticulum | network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules |
| golgi aperatis | cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products |
| vacuole | membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus |
| lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| mitochondria | cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs |
| chloroplasts | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place |
| ribosomes | cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell |
| flagella | long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move |
| cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| cell specialization | The cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue |
| centriole | One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis. |
| cytoskeleton | region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| phospholipid bilayer | two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane |
| endocytosis | process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane |
| pinocytosis | A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes that hydrolyze or break down contents. |
| hypertonic solution | having a higher concentration of solute than another solution |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| ATP | main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| transport protein | A type of protein that actively transports materials across a plasma membrane that would not otherwise allow this to occur. |
| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell |
| isotonic solution | having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution |
| sodium-potassium pump | The enzyme-based mechanism that maintains correct cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ions by removing excess ions from inside a cell and replacing them with ions from outside the cell. |
| cellular respiration | chemical process that uses oxygen to convert chemical energy stored in organic molecules into ATP |
| aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| osmosis | passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell |
| phagocytosis | The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte to form a phagosome |
| hypotonic solution | having a lower concentration of solute than another solution |
| fermentation | cellular process of making ATP without oxygen |
| chlorophyll | pigment that gives a chloroplast its green color; uses light energy to split water molecules during photosynthesis |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
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2016garciaruberioa
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