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Biomed Muscles Test
Biomed Muscles Test 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the origin or the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | manubrium of sternum and medial third clavicle |
| what is the insertion of sternocleidomastoid muscle? | mastoid process of temporal bone |
| what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | tilts head to own side, rotates face upward to the oppose side both flexes neck |
| what is the origin of trapezius muscle? | spines of cervical vertebraes and back of skull |
| what is the insertion of trapezius muscle? | scapula |
| what is the innervation of trapezius muscle? | accessory nerve CN XI |
| what is the action of the trapezius muscle? | raise and rotate scapula |
| what is the supra hyoid or digastric muscle divided into? | anterior and posterior bellies |
| what is the origin of the supra hyoid or digastric muscle? | mastoid process |
| what is the insertion of the supra hyoid or digastric muscle? | internal surface of mandibular symphysis |
| what is the central tendon attachment for the supra hyoid muscle? | hyoid bone |
| what is the innervation of the suprahyid muscle or digastric muscle? | anterior belly: mandibular nerve CN V3 posterior belly: facial nerve CN VII |
| what is the action of suprahypid or digastric muscle? | elevate hyoid bone, depress mandible |
| what does the mylohyoid muscle do? | forms floor of oral cavity |
| what does the mylohyoid muscle attach to? | internal surface of mandible and to hyoid bone and midline raphe |
| what is the innervation for the mylohyoid muscle? | mandibular nerver CN V3 |
| what is the action for the mylohyoid muscle? | elevate hyoid bone depress mandible |
| what is the stylohyoid muscle similar to? | posterior belly of diagstric muscle |
| what is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle? | styloid process |
| what is the insertion of the stylohyoid muscle? | hyoid bone |
| what is the action of the stylohyoid muscle? | elevate hyoid bone, draw it posteriorly |
| what is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle? | CN VII |
| what is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle? | lingual aspect of mandibular symphysis |
| what is the insertion of the geniohyoid muscle? | hyoid bone |
| what is the action of the geniohyoid muscle? | elevate hyoid bone, draw it anteriorly depress mandible |
| what is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle? | cervical plexus |
| what is the infrahyoid muscles? | long strap like muscles spanning from the sternum to hyoid bone |
| what is the action of the ingrahyoid muscles? | lower the hyoid during swallowing and other activities |
| what innervate the muscles of mastication? | trigeminal nerve CN V3 |
| where do all the muscles of mastication originate and insert? | originate on the skill and insert on the mandible |
| where do all the movements produces by muscles of mastication occur at? | temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
| what is the origin of the masseter? | zygomatic arch |
| what is the insertion of the masseter? | angle of mandible and lateral aspect of ramus |
| what is the primary action of the masseter? | elevation of the mandible side to side movement |
| what is the origin of the temporalis? | temporal fossa parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal and sphenoid bones |
| what is the insertion of the temporalis? | coronoid process anterior border of the rams down to the level of the alveolar process |
| what is the primary action of the temporalis? | elevation of the mandible retruder of the jaw |
| what is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle? | medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate |
| what is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle? | medial aspect of rams of mandible, near the angle of the mandible |
| what is the primary action of the medial pterygoid? | elevation of the mandible, side to side movements |
| what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle? | superior head- greater wing of sphenoid bone inferior head- lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate |
| what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle? | superior head- articular capsule of the TMJ and the articular disc inferior head- neck of the condyle |
| what is the primary actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle? | superior head: control position of disc during jaw closing inferior head: depression of mandible, protrusion of mandible, side to side movements |
| how are facial muscles unique? | lie within the skin, often having no insertion into the bone |
| where do facial muscles arise from? | fascia or facial bones and insert into the skin |
| what are the two functions of facial muscles? | dilators and sphincters: control opening of orifices movers of overlying skin: produce facial expressions |
| what innervates facial muscles? | CN VII |
| what are the muscles of the scalp? | occipitalis, frontalis |
| what is the action of the occipitals and frontalis? | raise eyebrows |
| what does orbicular is oculi do? | closes eyelids |
| what does corrugator supercillii do? | thinking muscle |
| what does nasalis do? | compress and flare nostrils |
| what is the spinster of mouth | orbicularis oris |
| what elevates the upper lip? | levator lavii superioris |
| what elevates angle of mouth or is known as the sneering muscle | levator anguli oris |
| what depresses angle of mouth or is known as the grimacing muscle | depressor anguli oris |
| what draws angle of mouth upward and backward or is known as laughing muscle | zygomaticus major |
| what is known as the grinning muscle? | risorius |
| what is known as the pouting muscle? | mentalis |
| what presses the cheek against vestibule? | buccinator |
| what is the origin of the buccinator? | pterygomandibular raphe, maxilla, mandible |
| what is the insertion of the buccinator? | orbicularis oris |
| what tenses the skin in the neck? | platysma |
| what is bell's palsy? | unilateral, usually transient paralysis of the muscles of facial expression |
| what are the suprahypid muscles? | diastric muscles, mylohyoid muscle, stylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid |
| what are the the infra hyoid muscles? | sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid |
| where does sternohyoid go to? | sternum to hyoid |
| where does sternothyroid go to? | sternum to thyroid cartilage |
| where does the thyrohyoid go to? | thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone |
| where does the omohyoid go to? | scapula to hyoid bone |
| what is the twin of the masseter? | the medial pteryoid which is on the inside of the ramus instead of the outside |
| what is different about the lateral pterygoid muscle? | nothing to do with jaw elevation |
| how do wrinkles form | perpendicular to the way muscles run |
| what do extrinsic muscles of the tongue do? | change the position of the tongue in the oral cavity |
| what do intrinsic muscles of the tongue do? | change the shape of the tongue |
| what of the muscles of the tongue innervated by? | CN XII |
| what are sensations from the mucosa of the tongue innervated by? | CN V, IX, and VII |
| what are the extrinsic muscles? | genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, |
| what are the intrinsic muscles? | longitudinal, transverse and vertical fibers within tongue |
| what is the origin of the genioglossus muscle? | lingual aspect of mandibular symphysis |
| what is the insertion of the genioglossus muscle? | substance of tongue, especially undersurface |
| what is the action of the genioglossus? | protrudes tongue |
| what is the origin of the hyoglossus muscle? | hyoid bone |
| what is the insertion of the hyoglossus muscle? | side of tongue |
| what is the action of the hypoglossus muscle? | depresses, flattens tongue |
| what is the origin of the styloglossus muscle? | styloid process |
| what is the insertion of the styloglossus muscle? | side and root of tongue |
| what is the action of the styloglossus muscle? | retracts tongue |
| what is the origin palatoglossus muscle? | soft palate |
| what is the insertion of the palatoglossus muscle? | side of tongue |
| what is the action of the palatoglossus muscle? | elevates tongue |
| what happens when there is damage to the hypoglossal nerve? | CN XII innervates tongue musculature bilaterally deviation to one side during tongue protrusion |
| what is the soft palate? | movable, muscular fold suspended from posterior edge of hard palate laterally it is attached to the walls of the pharynx |
| what is the function of the soft palate musculature? | to close off nasopharynx from oropharynx in speech and swallowing |
| what is the soft palate innervated by? | CN X |
| what are the palatal muscles? | palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini |
| what is the origin of the paatoglossus? | soft palate |
| what is the substances of the anterior pillar? | palatoglossus |
| what is the insertion of the palatoglossus? | side of tongue |
| what is the action of the palatoglossus? | elevates posterior portion of tongue and depresses soft palate |
| what is the origin of the palatopharyngeus muscle? | soft palate |
| what is the substance of posterior pillar in the mouth? | palatopharyngeus |
| what is the insertion of the palatopharyngeus? | side of pharynx, posterior portion of thyroid cartilage |
| what is the action of the palatopharygeus muscle? | pulls walls of pharynx upward, elevates larynx |
| what is the origin of the levator veli palatini muscle? | petrous portion of the temporal bone |
| what is the insertion of the levator veli palatini muscle? | soft palate |
| what is the action of the levator veli palattini muscle? | elevates palate |
| what is the origin of the tensor veli palatini? | part of sphenoid and membranous part of auditory tube |
| what is the insertion of the tensor veli palatini? | soft palate |
| what is the action of the tensor veli palatini? | tenses the soft palate, open the auditory tube |
| what does the tendon of the tensor veli palatini hook around? | hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate which acts like a pulley to change the direction of muscle pull from vertical to horizontal |
| what does the muscle of uvulae assist in? | closing nasopharynx during swallowing |
| what is the pharynx? | musculomembranous tube extending from the basilar portion of the occipital bone to the lower portion of the larynx and is continuous with the esophagus at its inferior extent |
| what is the pharynx divided into? | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| what is the nasopharynx? | posterior to nasal cavity, cranial base to soft palate |
| what is the oropharynx? | posterior to oral cavity, soft palate to epiglottis |
| what is the laryngopharynx? | posteror to larynx, inferior to epiglottis |
| pharyngeal muscles act to... | elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing contract sequentially to pass food bolus into esophagus |
| what are pharyngeal muscles innervated by? | CN X |
| what is the action of the the constrictor external muscles of the pharynx? | constrict pharyngeal walls during swallowing |
| what is the attachment of superior constrictor muscle of pharynx? | attaches to base of skull, anteriorly it attaches to the pterygogomandibular raphe |
| what is the attachment of the middle constrictor muscle of pharynx? | attaches anteriorly to hyoid bone |
| what is the attachment of the inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx? | attaches anteriorly to sides of laryngeal cartilages |
| what are the longitudinal internal muscles of the pharynx? | stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus |
| what is the origin of the stylopharyngeus musle? | styloid process |
| what is the action of the stlopharyngeus muscle? | elevates larynx and walls of pharynx |
| what is the origin of the palatopharyngeus muscle? | forms the posterior pillar of palatine arch |
| what is the action of the palatopharyngeus muscle? | elevates larynx and walls of pharynx |
| what is the most important joint for dental professionals? | TMJ |
| What is the upper or superior joint spaces of the TMJ | between temporal bone and disk |
| what is the lower or interior joint spaces of the TMJ | between disk and condyle |
| what is the articular disk divided up into? | anterior band, intermediate zone and posterior band |
| in a coronal view what does the articular disk attach to? | lateral and media poles of condyle |
| in a sagittal view what does the articular disk attach to? | attached anteriorly to superior head of lateral pterygoid muscle and posteriorly to retrodiscal tissue |
| what are innervated or vascularized in the articular disk? | peripheral areas |
| what is the function of the articular disk? | increase congruity of joint surfaces and as shock absorber for joint forces |
| where is the synovial membrane in the TMJ? | lines the interior of joint capsule except for force bearing surface |
| what is the function of the synovial membrane in TMJ? | secrets synvoial fluid to lubricate joint allows nutrients to pass into joint space phagocytosis of debris in joint |
| what is the articular eminence? | anterior boundary of glenoid fossa condyle presses here during function |
| what is the retrodiscal pad? | elastic fibers which restrain forward movement of the disk, also blood an nerve supply to joint |
| where do the muscle fibers come from in TMJ? | fibers from the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle, but NOT those of the inferior head insert onto the disc |
| mandibular fossa lined only by what? | periosteum |
| what are the two movements of the TMJ | rotation, translation |
| what is rotation? | hinge action, occurs in lower joint space |
| what is translation? | anterior- posterior movement, occurs in upper joint space |
| what helps in opening of lateral pterygoid muscle in movements of the joints? | inferior head |
| what helps in closing and acts to control translation of disc of lateral pterygoid muscle in movements of the joints? | superior head |
| what happens during opening for dic movement? | disc moves anteriorly with the condyle as it translates and rotates down the slope of the articular eminence |
| what restrains the disc during movement? | retroduscal tissue disc does not translate as far forward as the condyle making it appear to rotate posteriorly relative to the condyle |
| what happens during closing to disc? | condyle returns back up the slope of the eminence contraction of superior head of lateral pterygoid presumably serves to position disc and prevent it from being trapped posterior to condyle |
| what is a reducing disc displacement? | those that will return to normal if joint is disarticulated and disc can be recaptured |
| what is a non reducing disc displacement? | those that stay displaced after therapy described above |
| what determines the position of the disc in the TMJ? | balance between the elastic fibers pulling back versus the superior lateral pterygoid muscle pulling forward |
| what produces a reciprocal click? | when the condyle clicks onto the disc from a position behind the posterior band of the disk and then clicks off the disk when the condyle moves back |
| what is a deformed disc/closed lock? | disc becomes distorted into ball anterior to condyle, greatly hindering anterior translation of condyle during opening |
| what are the bony components of the TMJ? | mandibular condyle, articular eminence, mandibular fossa, postglenoid spine |
Created by:
Chobchi
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