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Cell Processes
Chpt 3.1 - 3.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define molecule | The smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound. |
| Define selectively permeable. | A membrane that allows some things to enter or leave the cell while keeping other things outside or inside the cell. |
| Define organic compound | Always contain carbon and hydrogen and usually are associated with living things. |
| Define inorganic compound | Compounds made up of elements other than carbon. Contain fewer atoms than organic molecules. |
| Define osmosis | The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. |
| Define diffusion | The random movement of molecules from an area where there is relatively more of them into an area where there is relatively fewer of them |
| Define active transport | When an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane. The movement of minerals into plants. |
| Define passive transport | The movement of substances through the cell membrane without the input of energy. |
| Examples of passive transport | Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| Define equilibrium | When the relative number of molecules on both sides of the membrane are equal. |
| Define endocytosis | The process of taking in substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane. Part of the cell membrane wraps around a particle and engulfs it in a vesicle. |
| Define exocytosis | When a vesicle filled with molecules bound for export moves to the cell membrane, fuses with it, and the contents are released to the outside. |
| Define enzymes | Proteins that regulate nearly all chemical reactions within the cell. |
| Define proteins | Organic compounds with many important functions in living things. Made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. Building blocks of many structures. |
| Define carbohydrates - importance | Organic molecules that supply energy for cell processes, sugars and starches, important parts of cell structures (cellulose) |
| Define Nucleic acids | Large organic molecules that store important coded information in cells. |
| Two types of nucleic acids and why they are important | DNA – genetic material found in cells, carries information that directs each cell ‘s activities. RNA – makes enzymes and other proteins. |
| Define metabolism | The total of all chemical reactions in an organism. |
| Where does all energy come from? | Directly or indirectly from the SUN |
| What process causes a plant to shrivel up? | Osmosis |
| Why does osmosis cause a plant to shrivel up? | Due to the concentration of water inside the plant and outside the plant the water leaves the plant causing it to shrivel up. |
| Define Compound | Compounds are substances that combine chemically and that have properties different from the elements they are made of. |
| What is a property that determines whether or not something will pass through a selectively permeable membrane? | A molecule is dependent on its size to passively through a cell membrane |
| What is the important inorganic compound on Earth? Why is it important? | Water The chemical reactions of living things take place in water solutions. |
| What is the major factor that make most inorganic compounds alike? | Most do not contain carbon and generally have fewer atoms in their molecules. |
| How is osmosis and diffusion related? | Osmosis is the passive transport of water through a membrane by diffusion. |
| Define element | Composed of only one type of atom. Cannot be broken down into a simpler form by a chemical reaction. |
| List 4 processes that allow waste to leave the cells. | Active transport, Exocytosis, Facilitated diffusion, Diffusion |
| How do you know that C6H12O6 is a compound? | The three elements; carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are chemically bonded together to form a molecule of glucose. Glucose has different properties than the elements that are combined to form it. |
| Explain how a mixture is different from a compound? | Compounds are substances that combine chemically and that have properties different from the elements they are made of. Mixtures are made of substances that do not combine chemically and that retain their own properties. |
| Explain the relationship between atoms and molecules. | Atoms are the smallest units of elements. Molecules, are the smallest units of compounds. Atoms chemically combine to form molecules. |
Created by:
jojones21
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