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Biology Test 5
Mitosis and Meiosis
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Chromosomes | rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
Histones | what the DNA in eukaryotic cells wraps tightly around |
Chromatid | each half of the chromosome |
sex chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism |
autosomes | all other chromosomes that carry genes |
homologous chromosomes | the two copies of each autosome that was produced by sexual reproduction |
karyotype | a photo-micrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell |
diploid | cells having two sets of chromosomes and have two autosomes for each homologous pair; 2n |
haploid | sperm cells and egg cell which contain only one set of chromosomes; 1n |
spermatogenesis | the production of sperm cells |
oogenesis | the production of mature egg cells, or ova |
binary fission | the division of a prokaryotic cells into two offspring cells |
cancer cells | cells that grow and divide at an unregulated quickened pace |
steps of mitosis | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
steps of meiosis | prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and cytokinesis, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II and cytokinesis |
Three parts to a chromosome | chromosome, chromotid, centromere |
steps of meiosis that are diploid | prophase 1, metaphase 1 |