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Vocabulary- Science

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TermDefinition
Active Transport The movement of particles across the cell membrane that requires the cells energy.
Passive Transport The movement of particles across the cell membrane that does not require the cells energy.
Endocytosis The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle in the cell.
Exocytosis The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane.
Osmosis The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion The movement of particles from regions of high concentration to a low concentration.
Cellular Respiration The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
Fermentation The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
Photosythesis The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon, and water to make food.
Cell Cycle The life cycle of a cell.
Chromosome In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; In a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
Cytokinesis The division of cytoplasm of a cell.
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Mitosis In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
Heredity The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
Genotype The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits.
Phenotype An organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic.
Meiosis A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two division of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells.(Gametes or Spores)
Created by: R.G.
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