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Chapter 10

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
infiltration process by which precipitation that has fallen on land surfaces enters the ground and becomes groundwater.
zone of saturation region below Earth's surface where all the pores of a material are completely filled with groundwater.
water table upper boundary of the zone of saturation that rises during wet seasons and drops during dry periods.
zone of aeration region above the water table where material are moist, but pores contain mostly air.
permeability ability of a material to let water pass through, is high in material with large, well connected pores and low in material with few pores or small pores.
aquifer permeable underground layer through which groundwater flows relatively easily.
aquiclude impermeable layer that is a barrier to groundwater; such as silt, clay and shale.
spring natural discharge of groundwater at Earth's surface where an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact.
hot spring thermal spring with temperatures higher than that of the human body.
geyser explosive hot spring that erupts regularly.
cave natural underground opening connected to Earth's surface, usually formed when groundwater dissolves limestone.
sinkhole depression in Earth's surface formed when a cave collapses or bedrock is dissolved by acidic rain or moist soil.
karst topography irregular topography with sinkholes, and sinking streams caused by groundwater dissolution of limestone.
stalactite cone-shaped or cylindrical dripstone deposit of calcium carbonate that hangs like an icicle from a cave's ceiling.
stalagmite mound-shaped dripstone deposit of calcium carbonate that forms on a cave's floor beneath a stalactite.
well deep hole drilled on or dug into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater.
drawdown difference between the water level in a pumped well and the original water-table level.
recharge process by which water from precipitation and runoff is added to the zone of saturation.
artesian well fountain of water that spurts above the land surface when a well taps a deep, confined aquifer containing water under pressure.
Created by: savannahperkins
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