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Acid-Base Balance
Acid Base balance
| Whether something is an acid, neutral, or a base is determined by the | pH express [ ] of H ion in a solution the more H the acidic |
| [H+] = 10-7 moles/liter | Pure water = neutral (water dissociates & produces H ions & OH ions in equal amounts) |
| has pH of 1 | Hydrochloric acid - stomach |
| Ammonia & Bleach are | strong bases |
| What produces acid in the body | metabolic reactions Normal range 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Acidemia | low blood PH |
| Acidosis (more freequently encountered) | CONDITION(s) that may lead to acidemia, low blood ph PATIENT IS ACIDOTIC - Blood pH is low due to some condition or conditions |
| Alkalemia | high blood pH |
| Alkalosis | the condition or conditions that may lead to alkalemia, high blood pH |
| significant results of Acidosis | 1. CNS depression 2. Cardiovascular depress. 3. Circulatory collapse |
| Types of Acids | Fixed - gened in small amount during breakdown of cmpds with Phosphate groups, remain in solution Organic - cell metabolism, lactic acid Volatile - able to caporize , carbonic acid formed mostly from CO2 |
| The more CO2 ,most important factor affecting blood pH | the lower the ph, more acid |
| How are hydrogen ions removed from body? | 1: Buffer systems (don’t really REMOVE) - WA donate H ion. neutralizes. kidney nlung remov 2: Exhalation of CO2 3: Kidney excretion of H+ |
| Respiratory Mechanism of adjusting pH | carbon dioxide can be exhaled concentration adjusted via breath rate/depth Whenblood pH decs (acid), chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata, aortic bodies, & carotid bodies stimulate the inspiratory area of the medulla increaing ventilation. |
| Diabetes mellitus | breathing heavily |
| Renal Mechanism of Adjusting pH | 1:(H+) is secreted at the PCT & coll ducts. Intercalated cells (collec duc) secrete H+ against gradient, causing bicarbonate to be resorbed. a2nd typecell has proton pumps. (collecting ducts)that sec bicarbonate & resorb hydrogen ion! |
| Respiratory Acidosis: (High CO2) | Resp alteration or condition results in a lowered blood pH. t impairs the movement of CO2 from blood into alveoli & into the atmosphere will An increase in CO2, then carbonic acid, then H+ results RENALCOMP kidney SECRET H+ |
| Respiratory Alkalosis: (Low CO2) | respiratory condition results in an increased blood pH.CO2 level is decreased hyperventilation, anxiety RENAL COMP, dec H+ resorb HCO3 |
| Metabolic Acidosis very common (low bicarbonate) | a metabolic lowered blood pH. caused by production of acid impared H+ secretion by kidney Loss of HCO3 (base) Resp & renal componsation |
| Metabolic Alkalosis: (High bicarbonate) | metabolic disorder increased pH uncomon, chronic vomiting, HCL loss reduced breathing comp & increased bicarbonate excretion by kidneys |
| If the condition is of respiratory origin.. | the CO2 levels are abnormal. |
| If the condition is of metabolic origin | the levels of acids (or bicarbonate) are abnormal |
| Normal values | pH - 7.35- 7.45 PaCO2 - 35-45 mmHg HCO3 - 22-26 |
Created by:
Yourdanos
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