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Stack #142042
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cytomegioviruses | Inhabit salivary glands, intestinal tract, liver, lungs, and other organs |
| Papillomaviruses | Causes warts on the skin |
| Specificity | Refers to types of cells a virus may successfully infect |
| Host Range | Refers to the spectrum of hosts that a virus may infect |
| Smallest Virus | Enteroviruses |
| Largest Virus | Orthopoxviruses |
| Virion | a complete virus particle a nucleic acid covered by a capsid it may or may not have an envelope |
| Envelope Virus | A lipid bilayer membrane outside the capsid of a virus |
| Naked Virus | a viral capsid and genome form a nucleocapsid |
| Capsid | The protein coation of a virus, which protects the nucleic acid core from the environment and , usually determines the shape of the virus |
| Viruses | A submicroscopic, parasitic, acellular, microorganism composed of a nucleic acid coe inside a protein coat |
| Bergey's Manual | Best reference for the classification of bacteria authored by David Bergey in 1923 First edition set published between 1984 and 1989 |
| prions are responsible for Brain infections: | Human: Creutzfel - Jakob Disease, Deer: Chronic wasting disease, Cattle: Mad Cow Disease, Sheep : Gerstmann - Strassler - Disease |
| Prions | Small particle consisting of protein without nucleic acid |
| Viroids | Infections RNA particle smaller than a virus with no capsid - plant diseases |
| Virology | The study of viruses |
| Viruses | Acellular infectious agents smaller than cells |
| W. Ford Doolittle | Said we can not use conventional "Tree of Life", we should use the "Shrub of Life", due to the exceptional number of roots and branches |
| Domain Archaea | Includes organisms which look like bacteria but possess different genes for dealing with DNA |
| Domain Bacteria | Includes all single - celled organisms with no nucleus |
| Five Kingdom System | -Kingdom Monera, -Kingdom Protista, -Kingdom Fungi, -Kingdom Plantae, -Kingdom Animalia |
| Species (2) Definitions | 1. male and female of the same species are capable of DNA trasfer through mating and producing fertile offspring. 2. a species is a group of organisms that share a common gene pool. |
| Developing an organized usable system has many problems. Two major problems are; | 1. What constitutues a species. 2. what constitutes a kingdom or a domain |
| Dichotomous Key | Uses paired statements providing an either - or choice. Only one statemnet can be true each statement sends on to another pair untill organism is identified |
| Keys | used to identify unknown organisms |
| hierarchy of classification levels. Don't Keep Putting Chips On Floor Gtana Says | DKPCOFGS Kingdom, Phyulum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| HUS - hermorrhagie uremic syndrome | most common cause of kiney failure in children in the united states |
| Strain | a subgroup of a species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups or the same species |
| specific epithet | Second name of the species , NEVER capitalized |
| Gemus | Fist name of the species alway capitalized |
| Nomenuature means? | act or process of naming |
| Binomial means? | two |
| Linnheus also originated identifying organisms using what? | Bionomial Nomenciature |
| Carolus Linnaeus | founded the science of taxonomy in the 18th century |
| What is the basic principle of taxonomy? | Members of high level taxonomic groups share fewer characteristics than do members of lower level taxonomic groups |
| Taxon | provides an orderly basis for naming of organismsas well as placing them in a category |
| taxonomy | science of classification |
| classification | systematic arrangement into groups or categories according to established criteria |
| International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (I.C.T.V.) | formed in 1966 no latinized name family |
| Arenaviridae | Arenaviruses -lassa fever0 |
| Rhabdoviridae | Rhabdoviruses -Rabies |
| Paramyxoviridae | Paramyxoviridae -mumps, -measles, -viripneumonia, -brochitis |
| Filoviridae | Filoviruses -ebola and marbury hemorrhagic fevers |
| Orthomyxoviridae | orthomyviruses -influenza A and B |
| Bunyviridae | Bunyviruses -Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) |
| Reoviridae | Reoviruses -Sever diarrhea in infants and children - rotaviruses |
| Retroviridae | Retroviruses -Tumors, -Leukenia, -Human T-Cell Leukemia virus 1, -Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus 2, -Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1, -Human Immuodeficiency Virus 2 |
| Coronaviridae | Coronaviruses -severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| Flaviviridae | Flaviviruses -yellow fever, -Dengue Fever, -Hepatitis C, -West Nile Virus |
| Togaviridae | Togaviruses -German measles (Rubella) -equine encephalitlis |
| Chaliciviridae | chalaicviruses -Gastroenteritis |
| Picornaviridae, -Enteroviruses, -Hepatoviruses, -Rhinoviruses | Picornaviruses -Polio, -Hepatitis A, -Common Cold |
| Absorption | The attachment of a virus to a host's cells |
| Hantavirus | causes HPS carried in rat urine and feces |
| Dengue Fever | -closing in on it. America from the south |
| Yellow Fever | -most dangerous it's vector is a mosquito |
| Arboviruses | viruses carried by arthropods |
| Human Parvovirus - B19 | -causes "fifthe" disease (Erhthema Infectionsum) |
| Parvoviridae | Parvoviruses -cause disease in rats, mice swine, cats, dogs |
| Hepadnaviriadae | Hepadnaviruses -Hep B - may lead to liver cancer |
| Simian Virus 40 | the deveopment of cancer cells |
| Papovaviridae | Papoviruses -polymaviruses (2 human types) -vaculating viruses -papillomaviruses - benign and (cause cervical malignant warts cancer) |
| Poxviridae | Poxviruses -orthopoxviruses are the human viruses -small pox -cow pox -mulluscum contagiosum |
| Herpesviridae | Herpesviruses -Herpes Simplex 1 - oral, -herpes simplex 2 - genital, -chicken pox - varicella, -shingles - herpes zoster |
| Adenoviridae | Adenoviruses -Respiratory infections, -sever diarrhea in babies and children |
| How many known herpes viruses are there? | 11 |
| Acute means | rapidly |
| Latency means | long term/after |
| Chronic | develop slowly |
| T.O. Deiner | 1971 Viroids |
| Ernst Mayr | species share common gene pool |
| Whitaker | 1969 proposed new taxonomic system he seperated out kingdom monera x3 |
| Ford Doolittle | Shrub of life and latral gene transfer |
| David Bergey | Author of Bergery's manual |
| Carl Woese | New taxonomic group- Domain |
| Carolus Linnaeus | ID organisms using bomonial nomenclature; Developed classification system |
| Selman Waxman | coined the term antibiotics in 1940 |
| Paul Earlich | Chemotherapy |
| Gerhard Demagk | Dis. Protonsil, 2 red dye used to treat gram+ bacteria |
| Ernest Fornedu | Sulfa Drug |
| Alexander Fleming | Penicillin in 1928 |
| Chain and Fleming | Produced and distribute penicillin it was only availible to the military during the WWII |
| Lister | introduced phenol (antiseptic) |
| Fungi | Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic that absorb nutrients from the environment |
| Nutrition | Autotrophic, heterotrophic, fermentative with different products; energy sources, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, needs for special nutrients |
| staining | Results; Gram+, Gram-, acid fast, capsule ect. |
| bacteriophages | viruses that attack bacteria |
| virulent bacteriophages | phages which attack and destroy bacteria |
| temperate bacteriophages | do not initiate a lytic cycle |
| teratogenesis | the induction of defects during embryonic development |
| teratogen | an agent that causes defects during embryonic development |
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