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SLS Bio 12 DNA KP

SLS Bio12 DNA Protein Synthesis KP

TermDefinition
Complementary Base Pairing The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine.
DNA Helicase Unzips DNA into 2 single strands so that replication can occur
DNA Polymerase polymerase "reads" an intact DNA strand as a template and uses it to synthesize the new strand.
Recombinant DNA Genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing genes from one species into the cells of a host organism of a different species
Replication A strand of DNA is copied to create two new strands of DNA
Anti-codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
Codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides constituting the genetic code that determines the insertion of a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis or the signal to stop protein synthesis.
DNA Sequence DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
Elongation At the end of the initiation step, the mRNA is positioned so that the next codon can be translated during the elongation stage of protein synthesis.
Environmental Mutagen an agent which induces genetic mutation
Genetic Disorder a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
Initiation The beginning of DNA sequencing
mRNA messenger RNA- a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
Mutation the changing of the structure of a gene
Termination stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site
Transcription process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases.
Transfer RNA tRNA-RNA consisting of folded molecules which transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome.
Translation The process by which messenger RNA directs the amino acid sequence of a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis.
Created by: 1827323540
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