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SLSBio12DNA P.G.

SLSBio12DNAProteinSynthesis

QuestionAnswer
Complementary base pairing The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing.
DNA helicase Two molecules of atp are required for each unwinding of the duplex.
DNA polymerase Enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from their nucleotide building blocks.
Recombinant DNA Spliced dNA formed from two or more different sources that have been cleaved by restriction enzymes and joined by ligases.
Replication The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.
Semi-conservative replication The mechanism by which DNA is replicated in all known cells.
Anti-codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA.
Codon A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called triplet, in mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
DNA sequence (genetic code) The order of nucleotide bases in the dna molecule
Elongation A set of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the cell. In the ribosome, they facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first peptide bond to the formation of the last one.
Environmental mutagens Any agent that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation.
Genetic disorder A disease, such as cystic fibrosis, that has its origin in changes to the genetic material, dna.
Initiation The mRNA molecule to be decoded binds to one subunit of the ribosome, then the other ribosomal subunit binds to both of those.
Messenger RNA A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein.
Mutation A permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene.
Termination A stop codon is brought to the ribosome and the protein ends there. The ribosome later brakes down.
Transcription It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA
Transfer RNA Attaches the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell
Translation The genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Created by: pierrick02
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