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SLS Bio12 DNA (ac)

TermDefinition
Complementary Base Pairing The formation of weak hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases purine with pyrimidine Adenine pairs with thymine Guanine pairs with cytosine
DNA helicase Enzyme that unwinds and “unzips” the double-stranded DNA
DNA polymerase New nucleotides form bonds with the existing ones
recombinant DNA contains DNA from 2 or more sources
replication the process of duplicating or copying (in this case DNA replication)
semi-conservative replication Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one new chain of nucleotides and one from the parent DNA molecule
anti-codon One of a class of RNA molecules that transport amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis.
codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides constituting the genetic code that determines the insertion of a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis or the signal to stop protein synthesis.
DNA sequence (genetic code) succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA
elongation first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme, RNA polymerase.
enviromental mutagen physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA (Chemical, X-Rays, UV Radiation)
genetic disorder an illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital).
initiation first step in translation, when the first tRNA has come to a ribosome
messenger RNA (mRNA) serve as templates for protein synthesis
mutation a permanent transmissible change in the genetic material.
termination When a stop codon is placed. Ribosome separates into its two subunits, polypeptide is released
transcription the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template.
transfer RNA (tRNA) serves as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
translation When gene expression leads to protien synthesis.
Created by: acabrera
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