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SLS Bio12 DNA B.B

SLS Bio 12 DNA Protein Synthesis B.B.

TermDefinition
Complementary Base Pairing Pairing of A,T,C,G for DNA and A,U,C,G for RNA
DNA Helicase Enzymes that unzip genes in DNA
DNA Polymerase The Enzyme responsible for DNA replication
Recombinant DNA DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
Replication The process of copying and reproducing DNA
Semi-conservative replication relating to or denoting replication of a nucleic acid in which one complete strand of each double helix is directly derived from the parent molecule. (Split the double strand)
Anti-Codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides (ATCG) located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis. (tRNA CODON STRANDS)
Codon A set of three adjacent nucleotides (AUCG), also called triplet, in mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
DNA Sequence The relative order of base pairs, whether in a fragment of dna, a gene, a chromosome, or an entire genome.
Elongation The initiation cycle is repeated again and again, elongating the polypeptide by 1 amino acid per cycle.
Environmental mutagen a physical or chemical agent that alters genetic material
genetic disorder genetic disease: a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
initiation The mRNA molecule to be decoded binds to one subunit of the ribosome, then the other ribosomal subunit binds to both of those. In the process, a tRNA with the amino acid methionine attached docks in the ribosome's P site.
messenger RNA An RNA molecule transcribed from the DNA of a gene, and from which a protein is translated by the action of ribosomes. The basic function of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is to determine the amino acid sequence in proteins.
Mutation A change in genetic material.
Termination Eventually, translocation brings a stop codon into the position associated with the empty A site. A stop codon does not code for an amino acid, but for a release factor. The release factor binds and then frees the polypeptide and dissociates the ribosome.
Transcription Makes a copy of genetic information stored in the DNA strand and into a complimentary strand of RNA.
tRNA RNA involved in protein synthesis, the process is transporting specific amino acid to the ribosome to be added onto the growing polypeptide chain
Translation A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA.
Created by: Bbaker12
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