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Mutualism
Benefits both species
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mutualism | interaction between two species in which both benefit each other |
| What can the interaction be | Obligate or Facultative |
| Obligate | Neither species can exist without the other |
| Facultative | Sometimes you can see the interaction. Other times not |
| What would we lack without mutualism? | Look at notes |
| How can we determine if species are mutualists? | By testing them together and alone with the suspected mutualists |
| What lives on many plants roots? | Mycorrhiaze fungi |
| Myycorrhiaze is great for what? | Plant growth |
| What improvements does Mychorrizae do to plants? | --- |
| 1. | Improves nutrient and water update |
| 2. | Improves root growth |
| 3. | Improves plant growth |
| 4. | Improves disease resistence |
| 5. | Reduces transplant shock |
| 6. | Reduced drought stress |
| What experiment can we do to test mycorrhizae effects? | Test water availability in plants with and without mycorrhizae |
| What was the results? | Mycorrhizae with water had better results. The plant maintained higher leaf water potential throughout a hot summer day |
| How could we measure the development of roots when Mycorrhizae is present? | Grow plants with Mycorrhizae. take them out, wash Mycorrhizae off, replant, measure water loss |
| Effect of removing Mycorrhizae | Removal of water reduces rate of transpiration and pores close to avoid evaporation |
| Bullshorn Acacia | Small tropical tree |
| What do the ants do in the tree? | Nest in thorns |
| What does the tree provide? | Nectar on leaves and fat bodies on the leafs tips |
| Do ants provide any benefit? | Yes. They protect the tress from herbivores insects |
| Without ants | The trees will have larger numbers of herbivores insects |
| With ants | reduce # of herbivores insects and height increases and so does survival rate |
| Bullshorn Acacia and ants are what mutualism? | Obligate = can't function without the other |
| How can we test and see if all ants benefit all plants? | Aspen Sunflower |
| Aspen Sunflower- With ants | Presence of ants reduces predation |
| Aspen Sunflower- Without ants | Increases seed predation |
| Does the presence of ants help plants in several ways? | Yes |
| Aspen and ant relationship is what mutualism? | Facultative |
| what is another good example of mutualism? | Coral Reef |
| How is Coral Reef a good example of mutualism? | Coral is made up of millions of small organisms that secrete calcium from the rich skeletons |
| Decribe Coral Reefs? | Hollow cylinders, have tenticals, pulls food particles |
| Describe the Coral's function | Coral provides nutrients to algae > algae provide energy to animals (organisms) |
| Another mutualism in corals | Shrimp and Crabs |
| What do shrimp and crabs do? | The sit on the coral and defend it from starfish who suck out the nutrients |
| How can you tell if the coral benefits from the actions of shrimp and crabs? | Test the coral with and without shrimp and crabs |
| Without shrimp and crabs | There is a higher mortality rate |
| With shrimp and crabs | Corals are attacked less frequently |
| If the shrimp and crab benefit the coral. How does the coral benefit them? | They collect fat bodies within the coral by inserting their legs |
| Without the crabs and shrimp present | The coral won't be protected and the fat bodies won't be induced |
| What could you do that would effect on how much crabs have on the corals | Cover the holes of the coral |
Created by:
animalsavior
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