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SLS Bio12 DNA KM

SLS Bio12 DNA Protein Synthesis KM

TermDefinition
complementary base pairing The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine.
DNA helicase a prokaryote enzyme that uses the hydrolysis of atp to unwind the dna helix at the replication fork, to allow the resulting single strands to be copied.
DNA Polymerase enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of dna from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates.
recombinant DNA Spliced dNA formed from two or more different sources that have been cleaved by restriction enzymes and joined by ligases. Genetically engineered dna made by recombining fragments of dna from different organisms.
Replication The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA.
Semi-conservative replication The normal process of DNA synthesis, in which the two original strands of the molecule separate, and each acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is laid down.
anti-codon A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis.
codon A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called triplet, in mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
DNA Sequence (genetic code) The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins. It is the biochemical basis of heredity and nearly universal in all organisms.
elongation Elongation is the stepwise addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain.
environmental mutagen 2 environmental mutagens include radiation and chemical versions. The mutations typically occur in the form of cancer.
genetic disorder A genetic disorder is an illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth
initiation The mRNA molecule to be decoded binds to one subunit of the ribosome, then the other ribosomal subunit binds to both of those. In the process, a tRNA with the amino acid methionine attached docks in the ribosome's P site.
messenger RNA (mRNA) A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein. In the early stages of protein synthesis, the mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template during transcription.
Mutation A permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome; the process in which such a change occurs in a gene or in a chromosome.
termination Eventually, translocation brings a stop codon into the position associated with the empty A site. A stop codon does not code for an amino acid, but for a release factor. The release factor binds and then frees the polypeptide and dissociates the ribosome.
transcription It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases.
transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA involved in protein synthesis, i.e. transporting specific amino acid to the ribosome to be added onto the growing polypeptide chain
translation A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA.
Created by: Kmutter
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