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AP Comp Gov - Mexico
Making of the Modern State - Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| effect of mountains | make unification hard; create challenges for communications and travel |
| patrias chicas | little countries; outside of central control; cut off due to mountains |
| caicqes | originally Indian chiefs, now local political bosses; crumpled geography forced national government to work through them |
| mestizos | part Amerindian and part white; largest ethnic group in Mexico |
| Mexica | where Mexico's name derives from; an Aztec tribe |
| maquiladoras | Mexicans sought work in industrial cities of the north where there are numerous assembly industries called these |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement; created more jobs in Mexico, but more illegal entries to the US |
| Maya | 1000 years ago, one of the most civilized / advanced countries; declined in the 1500s to the Aztecs |
| Aztecs | centralized empire in Mexico, came to power after Mayans |
| Hernan Cortes | 1519, he destroyed Aztec capital; did this with "guns, germs, and steel"; vast majority died because of diseases from which there was no immunity |
| New Spain | lacked self-gov and legal traditions like America and British colonies did; tradition derived from autocratic rule of Spanish monarch and his appointed governor |
| Miguel Hidalgo | 1st declared independence, ringing a church bell; Creole priest; raised army, but a poor military strategist; forces defeated and killed |
| grito de dolores | the cry of sorrows; |
| caudillos | strong man dictator; 100+ years after independence, Mexico swung back and forth between these |
| Santa Ana | most significant caudillos; victory at the Alamo; initial victory became a loss when Mexico lost Texas and Mexican American War |
| Benito Juarez | Mexico's first Amerindian president; pursued La Reforma |
| La Reforma | new constitution that, among other things, stripped the church of virtually all its wealth and civil power |
| Porfirio Diaz | 1871, campaigned that no president should be reelected, lost, then launched military coup; longest dictatorship in Mexico's history; reign was deemed "Porfiriato" |
| Porfiriato | 30 years of stable government after decades of chaos; w/stability came foreign investment and first steps in building a modern infrastructure; like Mexico's Industrial Revolution; "order and progress" was motto |
| rurales | 5 million peasants forced into servitude under haciendas, controlled by ruthless mercenaries called this |
| Francisco Madero | popular candidate who claimed election fraud in the 1910 election; conflict sparked by him in addition to wide-spread resentment and ultimate conflict in countryside due to abuses by the Diaz regime; was a weak leader post Revolution |
| Emiliano Zapata | southern part of Mexico, he organized a guerilla war against the government troops and rich landowners |
| Pancho Villa | similar to Zapata, but in the north |
| Venustiano Carranza | refused to accept authority of Victoriano Huerta as leader (guy who overthrew Madero); took arms in civil war against Zapata and Villa; won by 1916 |
| effect of Mexican Revolution | created national identity by involving Mexicans from all regions and strata of society in an iconic struggle |
Created by:
seniors14
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