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Pharyngeal Arch 4-6
BIO 290 Anatomy James Madison University
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the cartilages of arches 4-6? | Cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, thyroid, epiglottis |
| What nerves innervate the structures of arches 4-6? | Vagus nerve and accessory nerve |
| What is the passageway for food and air? | Pharynx |
| What only allows air passage and is the voicebox? | Larynx |
| What is the function of the larynx? | Air passageway to trachea and lungs, prevents food from entering trachea and lungs, and sound production |
| What are the pouch derivatives from arch 4-6? | Parathyroid and thyroid gland |
| Epiglottis | Prevents food from entering larynx |
| What does the vagus nerve provide pharyngeal motor innervation to? | Pharyngeal contrictor muscles, laryngeal muscles, and superior esophagus. |
| What does the vagus nerve provide parasympathetic motor innervation? | Esophagus and gut tube to the left colic flexure |
| What kind of special gut tube sensory innervation does the vagus nerve provide? | A few taste buds on the posterior tongue |
| What general gut tube sensory innervation does the vagus nerve provide? | Pharynx and larynx |
| What kind of innervation does the vagus nerve provide? | Special gut tube sensory(taste), general gut tube sensory, motor to arch 4-6 muscles and parasympathetic motor to gut tube from the esophagus to the left colic flexure. |
| Where does the vagus nerve provide sensory innervation? | Special gut tube sensory to taste buds on posterior tongue, and general gut tube sensory from pharynx and larynx |
| Where does the vagus nerve provide motor innervation? | Arch 4-6 muscles, parasympathetic motor to gut tube from the esophagus to left colic flexure |
| What kind of innervation does the accessory nerve provide? | Motor only to arch 4-6 muscles |
| What arch 4-6 muscles does the accessory nerve innervate? | Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (motor innervation) |
| How does the voice pitch change? | Stretch and tense vocal folds and pitch of voice rises |
| Pharyngeal constrictors | O +I- Form muscular walls of pharynx A- Constrict pharynx during swallowing to propel food into esophagus Inn- Vagus |
| Sternocleidomastoid | O- Manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle I- Mastoid process A-Bilateral: Flexes head and neck Unilateral-Laterally flexes head and neck Inn- Accessory nerve |
| Trapezius | O-Occipital bone and spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae I- Acromion, spine of scapula, lateral clavicle A- SF-Elevates scapula MF- Retracts scapula IF-Depresses scapula Inn- Accessory nerve |
| How do we avoid choking on our food? | The hyoid is elevated |
| What is the action of the thyaryntenoid muscles and what happens to voice pitch? | A- pulls arytenoids forward (relaxed) - Lowers pitch |
| Laryngeal muscles | O- Anterior cricoid I-Lateral thyroid cartilage A-Pulls thyroid anteriorly Inn-Vagus nerve |
| How exactly does the epiglottis work with the tongue to prevent the food bolus from entering the larynx? | Back of the tongue mashes against the epiglottis and folds over the pharyngeal inlet to prevent food from entering larynx. Stylohyoid helps to close it. |
| What are the different muscles of the pharynx? | Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, inferior constrictor, esophagus |
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