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Bacteria and viruses
structure of bacteria and viruses also immune response
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name a viral disease | common cold, flu, rubella, polio, cold sores. HIV |
| Name a bacterial disease | chlorea, bubonic plague, tonsillitis, food poisoning TB |
| How is HIV transmitted? | unprotected sex, blood to blood transfer ie sharing needles, maternal transmission through breastmilk, the birth |
| How is TB transmitted? | close contact with an infected person, TB carried in droplets of mucus and saliva which are released into the air and inhaled. |
| bacteria and viruses that cause diseases | pathogens |
| immune response | mechanisms to destroy a disease causing organism (pathogen) |
| non living until enters a living host | acellular/virus |
| What shapes of bacteria are there? | Cocus (circular), bacillus (ellipse) and vibrio (spiral) |
| Name a fungal disease | thrush, athletes foot |
| when in a host cell, what will a virus do? | reproduce |
| Is viral DNA single or double stranded? | Either |
| How does the immune system detect a virus? | glycoproteins from the virus will alert the B cells,phagocytes |
| How does a virus reproduce? | Attaches to host cell Penetration, when nucleic acid enters the host cell Viral nucleic acid replicates using host's cellular machinery Lysis- host cell splits open revealing new viral particles |
| Which is larger, a bacterium or a virus? | BACTERIUM! |
| specific immune response | directed at a specific pathogen |
| non-specific immune response | directed at ANY invading pathogens |
| How can a pathogen enter the body? | ears, nose, mouth, genitals and cuts/grazes |
| what defenses does the body have towards pathogens? | lysozyme in tears and nose, eyelashes EYES keratinised outer layer, dead layer SKIN |
| process where white blood cell digests invading pathogens | phagocytosis |
| physical barriers | skin (sebum which waterproofs the skin) |
| what effects does the inflammatory response result in? | increased blood flow phagocytes activated capillarity permeability clotting reaction walls off region regional temperature increased specific defenses activated |
| Why does the body become feverish? | increased body temperature denatures pathogens enzymes. |
| what are interferons released by | activated lymphocytes and macrophagtes virus infected cells |
Created by:
07blandforderin
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