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DNA profiling
Forensics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the non-coding regions of DNA called? | Introns |
| What are the coding regions of DNA called? | Exons |
| What does STR stand for? | Short tandem repeat |
| What is an STR? | A repeated sequence of introns |
| How do introns at the same locus on a chromosome vary between two different people? | The STRs are have a different number of repeats |
| Where can a DNA sample be obtained from? | Almost all biological tissue, such as a cheek swab, white blood cells, bone marrow or sperm |
| Where are restriction enzymes naturally found? | Bacteria |
| How are DNA fragments separated? | Gel electrophoresis |
| What is the gel made from? | Agarose |
| Why is a reference sample needed? | To provide a comparison for the DNA profile |
| What technique is used to transfer the DNA to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane? | Southern blotting |
| Why are multiple loci used? | More than one person may have the same number of STRs at each loci, so the more loci used reduces the similarity between profiles |
| How can the DNA fragments be detected if they are radioactive? | Using an X-ray film |
| How can the DNA fragments be detected if they are fluorescent? | Using UV light |
| Why is there two figures for each STR? | The number of repeated sequence is different on each chromosome in a homologous pair |