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scc bio ch. 8
enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the importance of enzymes? | most chemical reactions in biological cells would occur to slowly, the enzyme speeds up these reaction. if some chemical reactions in the human body occured slower we could even die. |
| what is the function of enzymes? | They function to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction. |
| how do enzymes work? | initiation, Transition state, and Termination |
| induced fit | when the enzyme alters it's shape sightly so that it fits more tightly around the substrate molecule |
| conformation | The three-dimensional arrangement of side groups on a molecule which canfreely rotate into different positions without breaking any bonds. |
| active energy | The amount of energy that is needed to convert all the molecules in one mole of a reacting substance from a ground state to the transition state. |
| how are enzymes involved in changing the active energy. | by creating an environment in which the transition state is stabilized, the enzyme distorts the bound substrate into their transition state form, thereby reducing the amount of energy required to complete the transition). |
| the amount of energy release in the chemical reaction is: | the same even if the enzyme is or isn't involved. |
| what does it mean if an enzyme is "saturated?" | Saturation means that all of the enzyme molecules are occupied with substrate.[be able to draw a graph] |
| cofacters | inorganic complement of an enzyme reaction, usually a metal ions. |
| coenzymes | A small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes. |
| prosthetic groups | A tightly bound nonpolypeptide structure required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. |
| what factors effect enzyme function? | the PH, temperature and the ammount of regulatory molecules. |
| how do enzymes work together in metabolic pathways? | In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyze these reactions |
| feedback inhibitors | An feedback inhibitor is a molecule, which binds to enzymes and decreases their activity. |
| what are the two types of metabolic pathways? | anabolism and catabolism |
| who loves you? | tody does :] |
| initiation | where a substrate binds. |
| transition state | lowers the active energy. |
| termination | enzymes return to the solution. |
| competitive inhibitors | a form of enzyme inhibition where binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa. |
| allosteric regulators | the regulation of an enzyme or protein by binding an effector molecule at the protein's allosteric site (that is, a site other than the protein's active site) |
| what is regulation of enzymes via noncovalent modifications | interaction doesn't alter the enzymes primary structure, refereed to as "reversible" modification |
| what is regulation of enzymes via covalent modifications | function of an enzyme is altered by a chemical change in its primary structure, may be reversible or irreversible depending on type of modification |
Created by:
mtalbot
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