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Ch 7-9 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
weathering surface processes work to break down rock
Mechanical Weathering occurs when rocks are broken apart by physical processes
Ice Wedging occurs in temperate and cold climates where water enters the cracks in rocks and freezes
Chemical Weathering occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or change them into different minerals
Oxidation occurs when some materials are exposed to oxygen and water
Climate the pattern of weather that occurs in a particular area over many years
Soil moisture of weathered rocks, decayed organic matter, mineral fragments, water, and air
Humus dark-colored, decayed, organic matter that serves as a source of nutrients foe plants
horizon different layers of soil
Soil Profile all the horizons of a soil
Litter leaves, twigs, and other organic material that eventually can be changed to humus by decomposers
Leaching the removal of minerals that have been dissolved in water
No-Till Farming farmers leave plant stalks in the field over the winter months and plant seed crops without destroying the stalks or plowing the soil
Contour Farming on gentle slopes, planting along the natural contours of the land
Terracing method in which steep-sided, level topped areas are built onto the sides of steep hills and mountains so that crops can be grown
Erosion process that wears away surface materials and moves them from one place to another
Deposition when agents of erosion drop the sediments they are carrying as they lose energy. When sediments are eroded, they are not lost- they are just relocated
Mass Movement any type of erosion that happens as gravity moves materials down a slope
Slump when a mass of materials slips down along a curved surface
Creep occurs when sediments slowly shift their positions downhill
Glacier a large mass of ice and snow moving on land under it’s own weight
Plucking process that adds gravel, sand, and boulders to a glacier’s bottom and sides as water freezes and thaws, breaking off pieces of surrounding rock
till jumble of boulders, sand, clay, and silt left behind after a glacier retreats
Moraine large ridge of rocks and soil deposited by a glacier when it stops moving forward
Outwash materials deposited by the meltwater from a glacier, most often at the end of the glacier
Deflation when wind blow across loose sediment, removing the small particles such as silt and sand
Abrasion when windblown sediment strikes rock, the surface of the rock gets scraped and worn away
Loess wind deposits of very fine-grained sediments
Dune a mound of sediments drifted by the wind
Runoff water that doesn’t soak into the ground or evaporate but instead flows across the Earth’s surface
Channel groove created by water moving down the same path
Sheet Erosion when water that is flowing as sheets picks up and carries away sediments
Drainage Basin the area of land from which a stream or river collects runoff
Meander broad bend in a river or stream
Groundwater water that soaks into the ground collects in pores and empty spaces
Permeable having pore spaces that allow water to pass through
Impermeable water cannot pass through
Aquifer layer of permeable rock that lets water move freely
Water Table the upper surface of the zone of saturation
Spring place where the water table is so close to Earth’s surface that water freely flows out
Geyser hot spring that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air
Cave natural opening in rock created by chemical weathering of limestone
Longshore Current created by waves colliding with the shore at slight angle
Beach deposits of sediments that are parallel to the shore
Created by: Overlord Moonen
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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