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Ch 4 Terms
Biology Chapter 4 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | In biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane that contains DNA and cytoplasm. |
| Cell theory | The theory states that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells. |
| Plasma Membrane | Or cell membrane, the cell's outer boundary. |
| Cytoplasm | The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus. |
| Cytosol | The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes. |
| Nucleus | In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has the role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. |
| Prokaryote | A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles; examples include bacteria and archaea. |
| Eukaryote | An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, but not bacteria or archaea. |
| Organelle | One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function. |
| Tissue | A collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function. |
| Organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specific function of the body. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that accomplish related tasks. |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes. |
| Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. |
| Nuclear Envelope | The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
| Nucleus | The part of an eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized. |
| Ribosome | A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesizes. |
| Mitochondrion | IN eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes that is found in the cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. |
| Golgi Apparatus | A system of flattened, membranous sacs. |
| Lysosome | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from Golgi apparatus. |
| Cytoskeleton | The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division. |
| Microtubule | On of the small, tubular fibers composed of protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement. |
| Microfilament | A fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement. |
| Cilium | A hair like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells. |
| Flagellum | A long hair like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move. |
| Centriole | An organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell. |
| Central Vacuole | In some protists and in most plant cells, a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials. |
| Plastid | An organelle of plant cells that contain specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; examples include chloroplasts and chromoplasts. |
| Chloroplast | AN organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. |
| Thylakoid | A membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis. |
| Chlorophyll | A green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates. |
Created by:
GarciaC17
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