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heredity & genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
genetics | the study of how traits are passed to offspring |
gene | set of instruction for an inherited trait |
allele | part of gene that determines your traits |
dominant allele | describes a trait that will always show up if present in the genes |
recessive allele | describes a trait that is covered over by another form of that trait |
chromosomes | structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information (DNA) |
trait | characteristics controlled by genes |
hybrid | offspring that was given different genetic information for a trait from each parent (Tt) same as heterozygous |
purebred | organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait |
heterozygous | describes an organism with 2 different alleles for a trait |
homozygous | describes an organism with 2 alleles that are same for a trait |
phenotype | the outward physical appearance & behavior of an organism |
genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism (all the genes an organism has) |
punnet square | a tool (square) used to show the probability of different ways alleles can combine |
sex chromosome | pair of chromosomes that determines the sex of the indivual the xx female sex chromosome xy male sex chromosome |
genetic engineering | used to help produce large volumes of medicine, change how cells perform etc. |
homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes & the same structure |
sex linked gene | allele inherited on a sex chromosome that can cause human genetic disorder ( heart disease, color blind, etc.) |
incomplete dominance | means that 1 trait is not completely dominant over another |
co-dominant | organism that has both alleles of a gene displays both phenotypes |