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Earth Science

Earthquakes & Seismic Waves

TermDefinition
Earthquake A vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
Focus The point within the Earth where the earthquake starts
Epicenter The location on the surface directly above the focus
Elastic rebound The rocks/plates snap back into an unbent position
Aftershock The movement that follows a major earthquake (smaller earthquakes)
Foreshock Small earthquakes before major earthquake
Intensity Measures the amount of shaking at a particular...farther from focus=less!
Magnitude Measures the size of the earthquake at its source...no distance factor
Mercalli Scale Measures intensity based on observed effects of quake on Earths surface, humans, & manmade structures.
Richter Scale Measures earthquake energy from seismic waves using a seismograph
Seismograph Instrument for recording earthquakes
Seismogram The data out put (recording) of seismograph
Wave A disturbance that transmits (moves) energy through a material
Transverse Wave Wave and particle motion are perpendicular
Longitudinal Wave Wave and particle motion are parallel
Medium Material through which a wave moves
Crest Upward displacement
Trough Downward displacement
Amplitude Displacement from rest
Wavelength Distance between consecutive waves
P waves Primary body wave (earthquake); fastest; least damage; push & pull; longitudinal wave
S waves Secondary body waves; transverse; shake and shear
Surface Waves Slowest of the waves; most destructive
Travel-time graph Use delay to find distance from earthquake epicenter
Trangulation Locating epicenter
Created by: claieduf
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