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World Politics
Frieden/Lake/Schultz World Politics Ch. 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Externalities | Costs/benefits for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action. When an externality exists, the decision maker doesn't bear all the costs or reap all the gains from his or her action. |
| Nonexcludable | Characterizing a public good: if the good is available to one actor to consume, then other actors cannot be prevented from consuming it as well. |
| Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | Chemical compounds used in aerosols, insulating materials, refrigerator and air conditioner coolants, and other products. CFCs are widely banned today owing to their damaging effect on the ozone layer |
| Ozone layer | Part of the lower stratosphere, about 6-30 miles above the Earth, with relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3) which blocks harmful UV radiation. |
| Global climate change | Human-induced change in the environment, especially from the emissions of greenhouse gases, leading to higher temperatures around the globe. |
| Nonrival in consumption | Characterizing a public good: one actor's consumption of the good doesn't diminish the quantity available for others as well. |
| Kyoto Protocol | An amendment to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 2005, that establishes specific targets for reducing emissions of CO2 and five other greenhouse gases. |
| Common pool resources | Goods that are available to everyone, such as open fisheries; it is difficult to exclude anyone from using the common pool, but one user's consumption reduces the amount available for others. |
| Overexploitation | Consumption of a good at a rate that is collectively undesirable, even if it is efficient from the view of any single actor. |
| Vienna Convention | A framework convention adopted in 1985 to regulate activities, especially CFC emissions, that damage the ozone layer. |
| Montreal Protocol | An international treaty, signed in 1989, that is designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of CFCs and other chemical compounds. |
| Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) | An international agreement enacted in 1992, and entered into force in 1994, which provided an overall framework for intergovernmental efforts on climate change. |
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