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Chapter 9 Biology

Chapter 9 Study Guide

TermDefinition
Organisms get the energy they need from food.
Cellular respiration the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
Photosynthesis removes.. carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration put it back.
Photosynthesis releases.. oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.
Calorie the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
Aerobic Pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen. ("in air.")
Anaerobic Glycolysis. ("without air.")
What happens during glycolysis? 1 molecule of glucose, a 6-carbon compound, is transformed into 2 molecule of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
What happens during the Krebs cycle? a pyruvik acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
What does the electron transport chain use? high energy electrons from glycosis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
What does the glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release together? about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
Glycolysis the first set of reactions in cellular respiration. "Sugar-breaking."
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Krebs cycle the second stage of cellular respiration. It is named after Hans Krebs, a British biochemist who demonstrated its existence in 1937.
Matrix the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion and the site of the Krebs cycle reactions.
What happens in the absence of oxygen? fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP.
What does the body use for quick bursts of energy? It uses ATP already in muscles as well as ATP made by lactic acid fermentation.
What is the only way to continue to exercise longer than about 90 seconds? Cellular respiration is the only way the continue generating a supply of ATP.
Fermentation The combined process of this* pathway and glycosis. *that makes it possible to continue to produce ATP without oxygen,
Created by: Marit Biemond
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