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LD BIO CH 20
LD Biology Chapter 20 Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CELL CYCLE | The period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the next. |
| MITOSIS | The process by which the nucleus of a cell divides, while maintaining the chromosome number. |
| CYTOKINESIS | The division of the cytoplasm of the cell after mitosis or meiosis; the cell divides into two parts, each containing one of the newly formed nuclei and half of the other contents of the parent cell. |
| ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION | Reproduction with only one parent; offspring are identical to parent |
| SEXUAL REPRODUCTION | A form of reproduction in which a new individual is produced by the union of the nuclei of two specialized sex cells, (i.e.: gametes, usually from two separate parent organisms) |
| CHROMATIN | the material of which chromosomes are composed |
| HISTONES | small groups of proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form chromatin |
| CHROMOSOMES | rodlike structures in cells that undergo division and that contain hereditary information of the organism |
| INTERPHASE | the stage of the cell reproductive cycle lasting from the end of one mitotic cycle to the beginning of the next. "Resting Stage" Cell grows in size, and more nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular organelles are produced. |
| CENTRIOLES | cylindrical organelles found near the nucleus in animals cells that are involved in mitosis. |
| PROPHASE | the stage of mitosis or meiosis in which the chromosomes & spindle appear and the nuclear membrane disappears. First stage of mitosis. The chromosomes become double-stranded and the nuclear membrane disappears. The strands are held together centromere. |
| CHROMATID | one of the two strands of a doubled chromosome |
| CENTROMERE | the region of attachment of two sister chromatids |
| ASTERS | star-shaped structures formed during mitosis or meiosis in animal cells by fibers from the centrioles |
| SPINDLE | a structure formed by fibers during mitosis |
| METAPHASE | the stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the centromeres of the chromosomes are lined up at the equatorial plane. Second phase of Mitosis. A spindle shaped structure of fibers forms across the cell. Centromeres attach to the fibers. |
| ANAPHASE | the stage of mitosis during which the daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles. Third phase of Mitosis. The two strands of each chromosome separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. |
| TELOPHASE | the stage of mitosis during which the chromosomes, uncoil, the spindle and asters disappear, and the nuclear membrane reforms. Last stage of mitosis. Each grip of chromosomes forms a new nucleus with a nuclear membrane. |
| CELL PLATE | a structure formed during cytokinesis in a plant cell that divides the cell in half, forming part of the new cell walls of the daughter cell |
| CYCLIN | protein that regulates the cell cycle |
| BINARY FISSION | the simplest form of asexual reproduction, in which a unicellular parent organism divides into two approximately equal cells. |
| BUDDING | a type of asexual reproduction in which the parent organism divides into two unequal parts |
| SPORES | the specialized reproductive cells that can give rise to new organisms |
| REGENERATION | the ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts |
| VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION | the process in which undifferentiated plant cells first divide mitotically and then differentiate to produce an independent plant; vegetative propagation |
| BULB | a short underground stem with thickened storage leaves; plants develop by vegetative reproduction |
| CORM | a short, stout underground stem that contains stored food |
| TUBER | an enlarged portion of an underground stem that can grow into a new plant by vegetative reproduction |
| RUNNER | a horizontal stem with long internodes that forms independent plants by vegetative reproduction; a stolon |
| RHIZOME | a thick, horizontal system containing stored food, which forms new plants by vegetative reproduction |
| CUTTING | any vegetative part of a plant used to produce a new plant by artificial vegetative reproduction |
| LAYERING | a type of artificial vegetative propagation, accomplished by covering part of a growing plant with soil. |
| GRAFTING | a type of artificial vegetative propagation accomplished by permanently joining a part of one plant to another plant. |
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desilva13
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