Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Endocrine Disorders
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ is from: congenital malformations, destruction from infection, ischemia, inflammation, autoimmune, and cancer, aging, and necessary hormone < | hypofunction |
| ___ is from: excessive stimulation, hyperplasia, and hormone secreting tumor | hyperfunction |
| px originated with that particular gland | primary |
| gland may be functioning; px originates with a def of a necessary hormone to function | secondary |
| px is a result of hypothalmic activity | tertiary |
| "master gland" | pituitary gland |
| located at the base of the brain next to the hypothalmus | pituitary gland |
| anterior pituitary secretes ____ (6 things) | ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, LH, prolactin |
| ___ controls cortisol | ACTH |
| ___ controls thyroid hormone | TSH |
| ___ controls sex hormones | LH |
| ___ regulates fertility | FSH |
| there are no s/s of hypopituitarism until ____ | 70-90% destruction |
| ____ def can be life-threatening b/c of its role with adrenal glane | ACTH |
| what is the pattern of hypopituitarism? | GH, then LH and FSH, then TSH, and then ACTH last |
| what are 4 things essential for growth and development? | GH, insulin, thyroid hormone, and androgens |
| controls cell division and synthesis of protein | GH |
| somatotropin | GH |
| GH controls bone growth through ____ | IGF- insulin-like growth factors |
| excessive amounts > glucose levels; < glucose being used for energy, uses protein and fat | > GH |
| where is GH carried? | plasma |
| ht is well below 5th% | short stature |
| functional hypothyroidism + emotional deprivation | psychosocail dwarfism |
| ___ s/s: poor growth, potbelly, and poor eating/drinking habits | psychosocial dwarfism |
| GH are normal, but have a defect in IGF production; rare | laron-type dwarfism |
| has normal birth wt, normal intelligence, short stature, obesity, immature appearance, delay skeletal maturity and puberty | congential GH def |
| soem causes of tall stature | genetic/chrom (Marfan's), >GH, early release of estrogen/androgen |
| d/t excessive GH release prior to epiphyseal closure | gigantism |
| often can reach 7-8ft tall and have acromegaly | gigantism |
| what is the main cause of gigantism? | pituitary tumor |
| > GH after epiphsis closure and is not very common | acromegaly |
| what is the most common cause of acromegaly? | pituitary tumor |
| ___ s/s: large hands and feet, protrusion of hte lower jaw, coarse facial ft, HTN, CAD, CHF, enlarged adrenal thyroid, and parathyroid, HA, sweating, weakness | acromegaly |
| located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea | thyroid |
| produces, stores, and secretes hormones | thyroid |
| responsible for cellular metabolism | T4- thyroxine |
| responsible for regulating cellular metabolism | T3- triiodothyronine |
| calcium regulation | thyrocalcitonin- calcitonin |
| ___ is necessary for the thyroid gland to synthesize and secrete hormones | iodine |
| __ and ___ stimulate body growth, > metabolic rate, heart rate, and glucose | T3 and T4 |
| acts on the kidneys and bones to < serum Ca levels | Calcitonin |
| functional units of the thyroid | follicles |
| increase in thyroid size or hypertrophy | goiter |
| thyroid's attempt to compensate for inadequate TH | goiter |
| results in a hypometabolic state including < metabolism, O2 consumption, and heat production | hypothyroidism |
| what are the primary cause of hypothyroidism? | congenital defects, surgery, radiation, antithyroid meds, iodine def, and thyroditis |
| what are the secondary causes of hypothyroidism? | peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones or pituitary TSH def |
| ___ s/s: memory impairment, edema, hypotension, goiter, wt gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia | hypothyroidism |
| with hypothyroidism everying < except for ___ and ___ | wt and fluid |
| accumulation of protein in the interstitial spaces resulting in > interstitial fluids and non-pitting edema; can also lead to dilated cardiomyopathy | myxedema (hypothyroidism) |
| hypothyroid crisis | myxedematous coma |
| results from exteme or prolonged hypothyroidism and is rare, but life-threatening | myxedematous coma |
| hypermetabolic state | hyperthyroidism |
| ___ s/s: emotional liability, agitation, exophtalmos, > reflexes, tachycardia, diarrhea, muscle weakness, fatigue, flushed skin, goiter, hyperthermia, wt loss, heat intolerance, diaphoresis | hyperthyroidism |
| in hyperthyroidism everything goes up except for __ | weight |
| extreme state of hyperthyroidism- is life-threatening and seen in undx cases | thyroid storm |
| most common in women under 40 and the cause is unknown. it is associated with the human leukocyte antigen | graves' disease |
| ocular px is the most prevalent s/s, but smoking does make it worse | graves' disease |
| located posterior to the thyroid | parathyroid |
| maintain serum Ca bby secreting PTH, which > bone, kidney, and intestinal reaborption of Ca | parathyroid |
| activation of ____ is enhanced in the kidneys by PTH | Vit D |
| leads to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperreflexia, and altered sensorium | hypoparathyroidism |
| rare, familial disorder with PTH resisitance | pseudohypothyriodism |
| leads to hypercalccemia, hypophosphatemia, bone damage, and renal damage | hyperparathyroidism |
| in ___ see > bicard and < acid---leading to hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis | hyperparathyroidism |
| located superior in each kidney | adrenal gland |
| outer layer of the adrenal gland | cortex |
| secretes mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen) | adrenal cortex |
| secretes epi, norepi, and dopamine | adrenal medulla |
| inner layer of adrenal gland | medulla |
| stimulates glucose production, < glucose in the tissue | glucose metabolism |
| > plasma levels and breakdown of proteins | protein metabolism |
| > mobilization and utilization of fatty acids | fat metabolism |
| prevention of inflammatory mediators, suppressing immune response | anti-inflammatory action |
| contributes to emotional instability | psychic effect |
| facilitates humoral and neural influences | permissive effect |
| chronic adrenal suppression with meds leads to ___ | atrophy |
| autosomal recessive trait that effects both genders--- def of enymes necessary for the synthesis of cortisol | congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| ___ leads to > levels of ACTH and mineralocoticoids | congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| ___ s/s: abiguous genitalia, hyponatermia, hyperkalemia, vomiting, dehydration, shock | congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| rare, primary adrenal cortical insufficiency where the adrenal cortical hormones are < and ACTH is > | addison's disease |
| chronic metabolic disease where all of the adrenal cortex is destroyed | addison's disease |
| ___ s/s: related to hormone def and ACTH elevation but do not become apparent until 90% adrenal destruction | addison's disease |
| life-threatening---s/s include N/V, muscular weakness, hypotension, dehydration, vascular collapse | acute adrenal crisis |
| hypercorticolism | Cushing's Syndrome |
| what are the 4 forms of Cushing's syndrome? | cushing's disease, adrenal tumor, ectopic cushings, and iatrogenic |
| excessive ACTH from the pituitary | Cushing's disease |
| caused by a nonpituitary ACTH secreting tumor | ectopic cushing's |
| cushings syndrom from that is from long-term glucocorticoid | iatrogenic |
| ___ s/s: neuro, CV, GI, MS, skin, renal, repriductive, metabolic PX | cushing's syndrome |
| a lack of or inadequate secretion of insulin, or insulin resistance resulting from hyperglycemia | DM |
| most common chronic endocrine disorder | DM |
| ___ works with the liver to maintain blood sugar levels | pancreas |
| 6-carbon molecule | glucose |
| used especially bbyt he brain and the NS | efficient fuel |
| describe the tract and process glucose takes when it enters the body | enters: GI tract, travels: the portal vien into th liver, liver sends: circulatory system, tissue retrieves it from bl strem |
| how does the live adjust blood glucose levels | glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown, and synthesis for glucose from noncarbohydrate source (amino acids, lactic acids, triglycerides) |
| 3 sources of energy metabolism | glucose, fat, and protein |
| the most efficient form of fuel storage | fat |
| all cells but ___ and ___ use fat | brain and RBC |
| where does the inital breakdown of fat occur? | liver |
| what is fat released as? | ketones |
| 3/4 of the body's solids are __ | proteins |
| __ are essential for genes, enzymes, muscles, bone, and Hgb | proteins |
| building blocks | amino acids |
| excess protein does not get stored as protein but as... | fat, ketones, or glucose |
| secretes digestive juices into the duodenum | acini |
| secretes glucose-regulating hormones into the blood | islets of langerhans |
| acini and islets of langerhans are apart of the ___ | pancreas tissue |
| islets of langerhans----synthesis and secretion of glucagon | alpha |
| islets of langerhans----synthesis and secretion of insulin | beta |
| islets of langerhans----secretes somatostain | delta |
| inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, < GI absorption, extends the use of nutrients by the tissues | somatostatin (secreted by delta of islets of langerhans) |
| promotes glucose uptake by target cells and provides for glucose storage as glycogen | insulin |
| prevents fat and glucose breakdown and inhibits gluconegenesis | insulin |
| > protein synthesis | insulin |
| > transport of glucose into fat cells | insulin |
| facilitates trig synthesis from glucose in fat cells | insulin |
| inhibits intracellular breakdown of stored trig | insulin |
| binds to and activates a membrane receptor of the target cells | insulin |
| cell membranes are impermeable to ___ so ___ must be actively transported in | glucose |
| polypeptide molecule | glucagon |
| > during hypoglycemic times and initates glucose release from the liver | glucagon |
| maintain glucose during stress | catecholamine (epi and norepi) |
| catecholamines | epi and norepi |
| > protein synthesis and mobilizes fat from adipose | GH |
| antagonizes insulin-> blood glucose | GH |
| critical to survive starvation and fasting | glucocorticoid |
| stimulates gluconegensis by the liver | glucocorticoid |
| ____ released during times of stress will > glucocorticoid | cortisol |
Created by:
TayBay15
Popular Nursing sets