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Sensory
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inflammation and/or infection of the middle ear | otitis media |
| major cause of conductive hearing loss | otitis media |
| occurs when the Eustachian tube is obstructed for a prolonged period of time, causing impaired equalization of air pressure with in the middle ear | serous otitis media |
| negative pressure builds up and a popping sound occurs | serous otitis media |
| ______ moves into the middle ear forming a sterile effusion | serous fluid |
| what are some causes of serous ear infections? | URI, allergies, narrow or edematous Eustachian tubes |
| ear infection caused by strep and H. influenza | acute otitis media |
| results from the entry of the pathogens from the oronasopharynx via the Eustachian tube into the normally sterile environment | acute otitis media |
| ear infection that typically follows an URI | acute otitis media |
| common in infants and children b/c of short, straight tubes; higher rate in bottle-feed babies that lie down to eat, and those living with smoking | acute otitis media |
| presence of bacteria leads to pus formation in the middle ear | acute otitis media |
| ____ s/s: pulling at the ear, red, dull inflamed bulging tympanic membrane, dizziness | acute otitis media |
| in chronic otitis media _____ often forms | benign epithelial-cell tumor (cholestoma) |
| formation of new spongy bone around the stapes and oval window | otosclerosis |
| otosclerosis is often _____ and usually occurs after puberty and pregnancy accelerates | autosomal dominant |
| tinnitus | "ringing in the ears" |
| impacted cerumen, meds, and stimulants are causes and mainly occurs b/t the ages of 40 - 70 | tinnitis |
| is extemely common and is described as either mild, moderate, severe, or profound | hearing loss |
| dengenerative hearing loss that occurs with advancing age | presbycusis |
| inflammation of the conjuctiva | conjunctivitis |
| pink eye | conjunctivitis |
| ____ s/s: redness of eye, tearing, drainage, scratching or burning sensation, photophobia | conjunctivitis |
| most common causes of conjunctivitis | staph and H. influenza |
| conjunctivitis with yellow-green drainage, sticky eyelids, excoriation of the lid margins | bacterial conjunctivitis |
| sight-threatening infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitis | hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis |
| adenovirous type 3 is the most common type of _____ | viral conjunctivitis |
| conjunctivitis associated with phyaryngitis, fever, and malaise | viral conjunctivitis |
| inadequately treated pools are a common source | viral conjunctivitis |
| a usually benign conjunctivitis that is spread by contaminated genital secretion, tx babies through the birthing process, swimming pools | chlamydial conjunctivitis |
| most common cause of preventable blindness in the world | chlamydial conjunctivitis |
| a form that occurs in infants younger than 1 month of age | ophthalmia neonatorum |
| conjunctivitis contracted through the birthing process normally from a STD | ophthalmia neonatorum |
| conjunctivitis that is seasonal and IgE mediated | allergic conjunctivitis |
| ____ is usually a result of iris damage | photophobia |
| inflammation of the cornea | keratitis |
| all the layers of th epithelium are affected, but the epithelium remains intact; associated with syphills, TB, lupus, viral infections | nonulcerative/interstitial keratitis |
| inflammatory process that affects the epithelium, stroma, or both are destroyed; causes-infection, trauma, extended-wear contacts; infections can be aggressive | ulcerative keratitis |
| chronic, painful, indolent (slow growing ulcer) that occurs in the absence of infection | mooren's ulcer |
| can be done with cadaver cornea; minimal danger of rejection; biggest risk is scarring | corneal transplant |
| substance that fills the eye; provides nutrients; provides support; controlled by hydrostatic pressure | aqueous humor |
| pressure inside the eye; reflects the aqueous humor flow; normal=9-21mmHg | intraocular pressure (IOP) |
| conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure | glaucoma |
| caused by alterations in the circulatory and reorption of aqueous humor | glaucoma |
| there is no obstruction b/t the trabecular meshwork that impairs flow of aqueous humor | open-angle glaucoma-wide angle |
| ____ s/s: tunnel vision, pain, halo and or blurred vision | angle glaucoma-wide angle |
| acute emergency resulting in narrowing of the angle b/t the pupil and lateral cornea resulting in impaired outflow of aqueous humor | closed angle glaucoma narrow angle |
| sudden, intermittent > in IOP and may occur following prolonged siting in a darkened room, during emotional upset or stress, or any condition causing prolonged pupil dilation | closed angle glaucoma narrow angle |
| blindness can occure within 24-48 hours if untx | closed angle glaucoma narrow angle |
| important for ___ pt to remember that their eyedrops MUST be given daily are they will go blind | glaucoma |
| x-linked recessive disorder...meshwork is covered by a membrane | congenital glaucoma |
| ____ s/s: excessive lacrimination, photophobia, rubbing of the eyes, corneal edema, grayish-white appearance, enlarged eye globe | congenital glaucoma |
| focuses images | lens |
| bending of light rays as they pass from one transparent medium to a second transparent medium with a different density | refraction |
| anterior-posterior dimensions of eyeball is too short | hyperopia/farsightedness |
| anterior-posterior dimensions ot the eyeball are too long | myopia/nearsightedness |
| nonuniform curvature of the refractive medium; usually a defect in the cornea | astigmatism |
| process whereby a clear image is maintained as gaze is shifted from far to near object | accommodation |
| changes in vision that occurs b/c of aging including addition of lens finers thickening the lens making it less elastic diminshing accommodation making reading glasses necessary | presbyopia |
| progressive clouding of the lens of the eye that interferes with transmission of light to the retina | cataracts |
| leads to painless loss of vision and usually starts about 65 years of age | cataracts |
| cells in the lens degenerate beginning at the periphery and moving to the center progressing to the entire lens | cataracts |
| immature cataract; entire lens-mature cataract | partial opacity |
| recieves visual images, partially analyze them, and transmit them to the brain | retina |
| fluid around the entry site of the retina | papilledema |
| vascular destruction d/t DM, HTN, atherosclerosis | retinopathies |
| separation of the sensory layer of the retina from the choroid | retinal detachment |
| medical emergeny that causes ischemia and death of the retina and a permanent loss of vision | retinal detachment |
| ____ s/s: appearance of floaters, blurred vision, gray appearance of the retina, weeping of the eye | retinal detachment |
| degeneration of the macular area of the retina and the most common type is age related | macular degeneration |
| gradual failure of the outer layer of the retina, the pigmented epithelium occurs | age-related macular degeneration |
| ____ attaches the retina to the choroid layer and functions to remove cellular waste | pigmented epithelium |
| "Dry"; characterized by gradual, progressive bilateral loss of vision caused by atrophy and degeneration of the outer pigmented layer of the retina | atrophic macular degeneration |
| "wet"; characterized by more rapid, severe loss of vision b/c of accumulation of vision b/c of accumulation of serous or hemorrhagic fluid into the subretinal space; the fluid leads to sep of retina, scar tissue leads to death of retina | exudate macular degeneration |
| squinting....abnormal eye coordination or alignment | strabismus |
| loss of binocular vision, leading to diplopia | strabismus |
| diminished vision in one eye...."lazy eye" | amblyopia |
| stronger eye compensates for the lazy eye, leading to viscous cycle where the weak eye gets weaker and weaker | amblyopia |
| can remove with irrigation of warm water or with curette | impacted cerumen |
| inflammation of the external ear | otitis externa |
| swimmer's ear | otitis externa |
| reflex....rotation of the head and eyes in opposite directions | nystagmus |
| what causes nystagmus? | fatigue and psy factors |
| illusion of motion | vertigo |
| vertigo caused by rhythmic motion | motion sickness |
| chronic disorder of the inner ear characterized by a triad of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss= endolymphatic hydrops | meniere's disease |
| overaccumulation of fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear resulting dilation of the lymphatic channels and labyrinth dysfunction | meniere's disease |
Created by:
TayBay15
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