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SLS Bio12 DNA JW
SLS Bio 12 DNA Protein Synthesis JW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complementary Base Pairing | The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as thymine being paired with adenine and cytosine paired with guanine |
| DNA Helicase | A prokaryote enzyme that uses the hydrolysis of atp to unwind the dna helix at the replication fork, to allow the resulting single strands to be copied |
| DNA Polymerase | Enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates |
| Recombinant DNA | Spliced dNA formed from two or more different sources that have been cleaved by restriction enzymes and joined by ligases |
| Replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA |
| Semi-Conservative replication | A replication of DNA that produces two copies of new DNA that each contain one strand from the original and one entirely new strand |
| Anti-Codon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis |
| Codon | A set of three adjacent nucleotides, also called triplet, in mRNA that base-pair with the corresponding aniticodon of tRNA molecule that carries a particular amino acid, hence, specifying the type and sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis |
| DNA Sequence (genetic code) | The order of nucleotide bases in the dna molecule |
| Elongation | Parameter indicating the degree to which the cross-section of a toroidal plasma is non-circular |
| Environmental Mutagen | Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation. Any factor that is responsible from an increase in the frequency of mutations of an organism |
| Genetic Disorder | A disease or disorder that is inherited genetically |
| Initiation | Starting point of replication or translation in macromolecule biosynthesis |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A type of RNA that carries the code or chemical blueprint for a specific protein. In the early stages of protein synthesis, the mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template during transcription |
| Mutation | A permanent, heritable change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene or a chromosome; the process in which such a change occurs in a gene or in a chromosome |
| Termination | Stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site top of protein synthesis (i.e., translation) at the stop codon |
| Transciption | It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) with the aid of RNA polymerases |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA). |
| Translation | A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
Created by:
jwaslen
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