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Earth Science
Continental Drift
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is the first scientist to hypothesize that the continents had moved from their original locations? | Alfred Wegener |
| What is Pangaea? | the continents had once been joined together in a single land mass before they drifted apart |
| what is the idea that the continents slowly move over the Earth’s surface called? | continental drift. |
| What are the three types of evidences to support Wegener's theory? | land forms, fossils, climate |
| Why most scientist rejected Wegener theory/idea? | could not identify the cause of continental drift or have no proof |
| How land forms can be evidence to support the theory of continental drift? | mountain ranges (South America & Africa) and European & North American coal fields from different continents matched up with other continents |
| How fossils can be evidence to support the theory of continental drift? | Remains of animals & plants that couldn’t swim/travel long distances were found on different continents that were separated by large bodies of water. For example, Glossopteris (ferns) in Antarctica and Mesosaurus (reptiles) in Africa & South America |
| How climate can be evidence to support the theory of continental drift? | Tropical plant fossils were found in areas that the climate wouldn’t support their growth (Artic) and glacial scratches were found on rocks found in South Africa |
| What are the problems with the theory of continental drift? | What force could push or pull the continents? Scientists argued winds and currents could have possibly moved the fossils. The theory was not accepted by scientists because there was nothing proven about what made the continents move during that time… |
| What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? | very slow convection currents flow in the asthenosphere which provide the force for the movement of the plates of the lithosphere |
| There is only about ________ of movement per year | 2 cm |
| _____________ are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth’s ocean basins. | Mid-ocean ridges |
| _____________ is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies. | Sea-floor spreading |
| When Earth’s magnetic poles change places, this change is called a ______________. | magnetic reversal |
| ____________ is the theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere | Plate tectonics |
| A ________ is a place where tectonic plates touch. | boundary |
| What are the three boundaries that all tectonic plates share with other tectonic plates? | convergent, divergent, and transform |
| The type of boundary depends on how the__________________relative to one another. | tectonic plates move |
| What type of collision formed when two tectonic plates with continental crust collide, they buckle and thicken, which pushes the continental crust upward? | continental-continental collisions |
| What type of collision formed when a plate with oceanic crust collides with a plate with continental crust? | continental-oceanic collision |
| What is Oceanic-oceanic collision? | when two tectonic plates with oceanic lithosphere collide. |
| When two tectonic plates collide, the boundary between them is a _________________________. | convergent boundary |
| What are the three types of convergent boundaries? | continental-continental boundaries, continental-oceanic boundaries, and oceanic-oceanic boundaries. |
| When two tectonic plates separate, the boundary between them is called a ____________________. | divergent boundary |
| What kind of boundary is Mid-ocean ridges? | divergent boundary |
| When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary between them is a __________________________. | transform boundary |
| The _______________ in California is a good example of a transform boundary. | San Andreas Fault |
| What information was Wegener missing to support his hypothesis? | He did not provide any evidence about what made the continents move during that time |
| A ___________ is a region where one lithospheric plate moves under another lithospheric plate into the asthenosphere. | subduction zone |
| _________ is the process in which the edge of the oceanic plate sinks and pulls the rest of the tectonic plate with it. | Slab pull |
| _______________ is the movement of matter resulting from differences in density that are caused by temperature variations | Convection |
| Ridge push is the process by which an oceanic ___________ down the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. | plate slides |
| ____________ is the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge/The process where old oceanic floor melts back into the mantle | subduction |
| Where on the ocean floor does oceanic crust melt back into the mantle? | subduction zones. |
| what object best represents the movement that occurs during sea-floor spreading? | conveyor belt |
| When two continental plates collide, what will form as a result? | it pushes the continental crust upward |
| _____________maps the ocean floor, a device that bounces sound waves off of underwater objects and records the echoes. | Sonar |
| Where does molten material rises from the mantle and spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge occur?. | Mid-Ocean Ridge |
| Hess suggested that the ocean floor moves like a ______________ carrying the continents | conveyor belt |
| The molten material that rises from the mantle, cools and forms a strip of new rock which is ___________________. | IGNEOUS rock |
| How do scientist found the evidence that the older rocks are farthest away from the MOR. The youngest rocks are closest to the MOR? | Using drills into the ocean floor |
| places where the oceanic crust bends downward is called_______________________. | Deep-ocean trenches |
| Does the amount of land on earth increase, decrease, or remain the same? why | remains the same. In the process of SUBDUCTION, the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench.In the process of Sea-floor spreading at MOR it produces more ocean floor, so it expands. |
| How does Sea-Floor Spreading work? | When molten material rises from the mantle and spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge |
| If continental crust collides with ocean crust, what will happen? why? | The denser oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere. Old ocean crust gets pushed into the asthenosphere, where it is remelted and recycled. Because the oceanic crust is more denser than continental crust and sinks down. |
| What happens when a plate of oceanic crust collides with a plate of continental crust? | The oceanic crust will slide under the continental crust. |
| What did Alfred Wegener propose? | He hypothesized that the continents had once been joined together in a single land mass called pangea and have since drifted apart. |
| Name the process where new ocean floor is constantly being created and recycled? | Sea-Floor Spreading |
| What happens at MOR versus what happens at an ocean trench? | In MOR more ocean floor produced and at ocean trench more ocean floor sinks by the process of subduction |
| How does a trench form? | when a dense ocean plate collides with another ocean plate or a continental plate, the denser plate "subducts", or sinks back into the mantle that creates a deep trench in the ocean floor. |
| How is rift valley formed? | created by the action of a geologic rift ( separation ) or fault. |
| What occurs at transform boundaries? | Earthquakes generally occur at transform plate boundaries |
| Stress is a _______, and it adds_________to the rock, therefore the crust_________. | force, pressure, breaks |
| The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress is called __________ | deformation |
| How can a material bend at one time and break at another time? | the stress you put on the material was different each time |
| _______ is the amount of force per unit area on a given material. | Stress |
| What is compression? | The type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed, such as when two tectonic plates collide. |
| What is tension? | a stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object |
| Why is the Ring of Fire known for so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes? | that is the location of most of the Earth's subduction zones. |
Created by:
mystudystuck
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