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The Eyes
BIO 290 Anatomy James Madison University
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three tunics of the eyes? | Fibrous, vascular, sensory (neural) |
| What is the most external tunic? | Fibrous |
| What is considered the "white of the eye"? | Fibrous tunic (sclera) |
| What does the fibrous tunic contain? | Sclera and cornea |
| The tunic deep to the fibrous tunic is the _____. | Vascular tunic |
| What does the vascular tunic contain? | Choroid,ciliary body, and iris |
| What nerves are associated with eye movement? | Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens |
| Posterior to the lens is filled with _____ humor. | Vitreous |
| Anterior to the lens is filled with _____ humor. | Aqueous |
| What is glaucoma? | Insufficient drainage of aqueous humor |
| What becomes the retina? | Optic cup |
| What becomes the lens? | Optic stalk |
| What kind of muscle is the ciliary muscle? | Spincter |
| Why is the cornea avascular? | If blood flew through the cornea, light would not enter the eye and you couldn't see. |
| What structure helps with distance and close up vision? What does it insert on? | Ciliary muscle- Relaxes for distance vision, contracts for close up vision. Inserts on lens |
| When the lens is flattened, what muscle is at work and is it contracted or relaxed? | No muscle, suspensory ligaments are putting maximal tension on the lens. |
| When the lens is rounded, what muscle is at work and is it contracted or relaxed? | Ciliary muscle, contracted |
| Presbyopia | Lens loses its elasticity with age |
| What does the cornea do? | Crude focusing of light |
| What innervates the dilatory muscle of the iris? | Oculomotor n. |
| What structure is called the blind spot of the eye? Where is it? | Optic disk, anterior to where optic nerve reaches eye |
| What holds the lens in place? | Suspensory ligaments of the ciliary body |
| Crude focusing is done by the ____. Fine focusing is done by the ______. | Crude- Cornea Fine- Lens |
| Flattening of the lens is for _____ vision. Rounding of the lens is for _____ vision. | Flat-Distance Round-Close up |
| Glaucoma | Insufficient drainage of aqueous humor |
| What are rods? Where are they? | Photoreceptors- black and white, blurry. Night vision and peripheral vision. Rods are in the retina. |
| What are cones? Where are they? | Photorecptors that provide five color vision and sharp images, located in fovea centralis. |
| Where is the aqueous humor made? | Ciliary body |
| Macular degeneration | Loss of fovea centralis |
| Acute glaucoma | Feels like your eye is being stabbed, must be treated with laser drainage |
| Do you make more vitreous humor? | NOOOOO |
| Detached retina | Vitreous humor pulls the retina off of the choroid. |
| What causes light flashes in older adults? | Vitreous humor becomes more fluid (it is usually more gel-like) |
| Strabisimus | Cross eye- Gaze of one eye does not match the other. |
| Superior Rectus | O- Tendinous ring inside optic canal I- Superior eyeball A-Turns eye superiorly Inn-Oculomotor nerve |
| Inferior Rectus | O-Tendinous ring inside optic canal I- Inferior eyeball A- Turns eyeball inferiorly Inn- Oculomotor n |
| Lateral Rectus | O-Tendinous ring inside optic canal I- Lateral eyeball A-Turns eye laterally Inn-Abducens n |
| Medial Rectus | O-Tendinous ring inside optic canal I-Medial eyeball A-Turns eyeball medially Inn-Oculomotor n |
| Superior Oblique | O-Posterior Orbit I-Superior posterolateral surface of eyeball A- Turns eyeball inferiorly and laterally Inn-Trochlear n. |
| Inferior Oblique | O-Anteromedial floor of orbit I-Inferior posterolateral surface of eyeball A-Turns eye superiorly and laterally Inn- Oculomotor n. |
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