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carbohyrates+lipids

definitions of carbohydrates and lipid terms

TermDefinition
Monosaccharide single sugar units; glucose,galactose,fructose
Disaccharides Two single suagr units can join together and form a disaccharide in a condensation reaction. Disaccharides; sucrose,maltose,lactose.
Polysaccharides Polymers made up from single sugar monomers joned by glycosidic links into long chains. Polysaccharides; starch, cellulose, glycogen.
Condensation The reaction happens in the formation of a disaccharide, the water molecule is released as the two sugar molecules combine
Hydrolysis The glycosidic bond between two sugar units in an disaccharide can be split by hydrolysis due to the water added.
Lipids Enhance the flavour of food and make it feel smoother and creamir. Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol.
Triglycerides Made up of 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule linked by condensation reactions. Three ester bonds are formed between each atty acid.
Saturated Fats No carbon-carbon double bonds. Straight hydrocarbon chains can pack closely together, strong intermolecualr bonds between triglycerides = fats that are solid at room temp.
Unsaturated Fats Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Weak intermolecular bonds between unsaturated triglycerides = liquid at room temp
Monounsaturated fats One double bond between two of the carbon atoms in each fatty cid chain. Olive oil high in monounsaturated fats.
Polyunsaturated fats Large number of double bonds. Vegetable oils, nuts and fish contain these fats.
Cholesterol Vital component of cell memranes. Made in the liver from unsaturated fats.
Created by: siangillingham
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