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Science - Geology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Universe | All existing matter and space considered as a whole. At least 10 billion years old |
| Constellations | a cluster of stars usually ina particular shape |
| Galaxy | group of solar systems and a vast collection of constellations |
| Nebulae | Cloud of gas + dust visible in night sky |
| BBT | theory of the creation of the universe in a huge explosion-like event |
| SST | universe maintains a constant density with matter created to fill the void left by galaxies moving away |
| Supernova | a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of an explosion that edjecs most of its mass |
| Emmission Spectrum | A spectrum of the electrpomagnetic radiation emitted by a source |
| Absorbtion Spectrum | A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance |
| Blue Shift | A decrease in the wavelength of radiation emitted by an approaching celestrial body |
| Red Shift | An increase in the wave length of radiation emitted by an retreating celestrial body |
| Speed of light | Speed at which light travels in a vacuum. 300000000 m/s |
| Stellar Parallax | concept of a star being observedfrom two different positions, Its position relative to other stars will have changed and can allow the distance to be calculated. |
| Apparent Magnitude | As appears from earth |
| Absolute magnitude | Actually brightness away from earth |
| Spectral class | group in which stars are classified due to colour and therefore size and temperature. OBAFGKM |
| Black Hole | An object that is so dense and massive that even light cannot escaoe its gravity. Happens when a big star collapses |
| Asteroid | A small rock body orbiting the sun |
| Comets | a celestrial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust. When near the sun there is a "tail" of gas+dust pointing away from the sun. |
| How do you calculate the distance of a star using Stellar Parallax | Because of the similar triangles cause from two points the angles can be found and then the length. |
| How are stars classifed? | Stars are classified using their size, colour, temperature and position in the life cycle. |
| What does a stars colour mean? | It represents their temperature O = 41 000 B = 31 000 A = 9500 F = 7240 G = 5920 K = 5300 M = 3850 |
| LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR | |
| How is a Black hole formed? | formed from a collapsed supernova. It will continue to grow by absorbing surronding mass. |
| What are Black hole features? | X-rays are emitted so can be detected Gravity so big light cannot escape. |
| How is the emission spectrum used to measure the movement of galaxies? | The emission spectrum shows colours when red is showing through a galaxy it means it is moving away. |
| Doppler Effect | Christian Doppler discovered whent the source of a sound wave is moving , its frequency changes, Used to study the motion of objects in space but using light. Red = moving furhter away. VIolet = towards |
| Hubbles Law | Most galaxies are moving towards/away from the Earth. The further away the galaxies are, the faster/slower they are moving. This is known as Hubble’s Law. |
| Evidence of the Big Bang and how it is relavent | The concept of the Big Bang relied on the idea of the existence of some sort of radiation— the fading heat from the formation of the Universe at the time of a huge event. ( CMB ) |
| How do we know what gases stars have in them? | From using emission and absorbtion spectrum |
| Light year | 9.46 x 10^12km |
| Lithosphere | Rigid upper layer of earth, consisting of drust and upper mantle |
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surronding a planet |
| Hydrophere | all the water on the earth's surface |
| Troposphere | Lowest region of the earth's atmosphere. 10km above earth |
| Stratosphere | Above troposphere to 50km up |
| Mesosphere | Above stratosphere to 80km |
| Ionosphere | Above mesophere extends to 100km |
| Exophere | outermost region of a planet atmosphere |
| Cryosphere | portions of earths surface where water is in a solid form |
| Biosphere | Region of surface and atmosphere of planet occupied by living organisms |
| Carbon Cycle | the series of processes by carbon compounds as the enter and leave the environment |
| Climate Change | a change in global weather patterns, attributnig largely to increased levels of Co2 in atmosphere |
| Greenhouse Effect | trapping of the sun's warmth due to greater transparency of atmosphere |
| Enhanced Greenhous Effect | increases in natural process of greenhouse effect. Brought about by humans. Eg. fossil fuels, deforestation |
| Biodiversity | the variety of plant and animal life in the world |
| Carbon Sinks | a forest, ocean, or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. |
| Cellular Respiration | Glucose + 02 = Co2 + H2O + Energy |
| Photosynthesis | CO2 + H20 (sunlight and chlorophyll) = glucose + O2 |
| What has lead to increased CO2 | since onset of industrial revolution the burning or fossil fuels, deforestation, decaying dead matter and volcanos have. |
| Importance of greenhouse efffect to life on earth | gases absorb radiation and from heat blanket around earth essential for heat regulation |
| Implications of Climate Change | increased rainfall, rise in sea level from melting ice caps, wide range of impacts on plants and animal life. |
| Strategies for climate change and enhanced greenhouse effect | Agenda 21 - document abour sustainable devlopment Coference - including sotckholm and copenhagen Kyoto Climate Change - international treaty |
Created by:
ksay
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