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a&p chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where does the spinal cord terminate and what is it called x | between L1 and L2 - conus medullaris |
| where is the cerebral spinal fluid | in the subarachnoid space - between the pia and arachnoid space |
| where is the epidural space per | between the dura mater and superficial ligamentum flavum |
| where is the subdural space | between arachnoid and dura |
| where are denticulate ligaments and what do they do | part of the pia mater - provide stability for spinal cord against sudden shock and displacement within the vertebral column |
| where is the filum terminale and what does it do | arises from conus medullaris, extension of pia mater, anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx |
| what is the cauda equina | "horses tail" roots of the lower spinal nerves |
| where are the two spinal cord enlargements and what parts of the body do they correlate with? | cervial enlargement: C4-T1 upper extremities lumbar enlargement: T9-T12 legs |
| what do the dorsal roots contain and what do they do | sensory axons - conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in skin, muscles and internal organs into the CNS |
| what is the swelling on the posterior root and what does it contain | posterior root ganglion - contains sensory neuron cell bodies |
| what do the anterior roots contain and what do they do | axons of motor neurons - they conduct nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands) |
| what is done during an epidural anesthesia | a needle is placed between the bones of the posterior spine until it just penetrates the ligamentum flavum yet remains superficial to the dura mater |
| what is a lumbar puncture? Where is the site used for it? | needle inserted in the subarachnoid space for the purpose of withdrawing CSF. In the region of the cauda equin, between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 |
| what do the anterior gray horns consist of | somatic motor neurons |
| what do the posterior gray horns consist of | somatic and autonomic sensory neurons |
| what do the lateral gray horns consist of and what makes them different from anterior and posterior | autonomic motor neurons - they are only found in the thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral segments |
| what is a tract | a bundle of axons located in a specific area of the spinal cord travelling to the same place (higher or lower in spinal cord) |
| what is spinothalamic tract | tramsmits sensations from spine to thalamus warmth coolness itching tickling deep pressure |
| what do the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts do | carry signals from cerebral cortex that result in voluntary movement of skeletal muscles |
| what do posterior columns do | convey nerve impulses for discriminative touch, light pressure and vibration |
| the cervical plexus | C1-C5 serves head, neck and diaphragm phrenic nerve- supplies the major muscle of respiration |
| the brachial plexus | C5-C8 and T1 serves the shoulders and upper limbs |
| what is the brachial plexus divided into | risk takers dont cautiously behave roots trunks divisions cords branches |
| what are the major nerves of the brachial plexus |
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allysakd
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