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Earthquake Vocab.
Science 7th
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Energy waves passing through Earth, Shift in fault line, Volcanic activity. |
| Crust | Outer most, Rocky layer of Earth. |
| fault | Crack within Earths crust layer |
| mantle | Earths layer below the crust |
| lithosphere | outer most layer of earths layer that is rocky and solid |
| plates | one piece of earths crust |
| seismologist | a scientist who studies earthquakes |
| epicenter | the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. |
| Seismic waves | an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means. |
| p-waves | P-waves are a type of elastic wave, called seismic waves in seismology, that can travel through a continuum. The continuum is made up of gases, liquids, or solids, including the Earth. P-waves can be produced by earthquakes and recorded by seismographs |
| s-waves | A type of elastic wave, the S-wave, secondary wave, or shear wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves. |
| surface waves | In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities. A surface wave can also be an electromagnetic wave guided by a refractive index gradient. |
| seismograph | an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. |
| magnitude | the great size or extent of something. |
| richter scale | a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. |
| mercalli scale | a scale formerly used to describe the magnitude of an earthquake |
| moment magnitude scale | a logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 |
| tsunami | a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
| leiquefaction | the conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid |
| aftershock | a smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake. |
| Base Isolators | building attached to its foundation to prevent damage |
| shear core walls | braced panels in the wall line using structural plywood sheathing with specific nailing at the edges and supporting framing of the panel. |
| tension ties | connecting walls and floors to prevent damage |
| cross braces | wood panels making an x on a wall to prevent damage |
| mass dampers | a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. |
| flexible pipe | a pipe that lets energy go through it and as it goes through it bends to prevent damage. |
| lithosphere | outermost shell of a rocky planet defined on the basis of the mechanical properties. |
| Tension | the state of being stretched tight. |
| compression | the action of compressing or being compressed. |
| shearing | break off or cause to break off, owing to a structural strain. |
| plateau | an area of relatively level high ground |
| normal fault | an inclined fault in which the hanging wall appears to have slipped downward relative to the footwall |
| reverse fault | thrust fault: a geological fault in which the upper side appears to have been pushed upward by compression |
| strike slip fault | a fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal direction, parallel to the line of the fault. |
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1962111940
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