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Bio II Chap 22 Vocab

Biology II Chapter 22 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Parenchyma Cell The most flexible, thin-walled cells found throughout a plant. They are the basis for many plant structures and are capable of a wide range of functions including storage, photosyn., gas exchange, and protection
Collenchyma Cell Plant cells that often are elongated and occur in long strands of cylinders that provide support for the surrounding cells. Have unevenly thickened cell walls.
Sclerenchyma Cell Plant cells that lack cytoplasm and other living components when they mature, but their thick, rigid cell walls remain. Provides support for the plant, and some are used for transporting materials within the plant.
Meristem Regions of rapidly dividing cells.
Vascular Cambium Thin cylinder of meristematic tissue that can run the entire length of roots and stems. Produces new transport cells in some roots and stems.
Cork Cambium Produces cells that develop tough cell walls. Form a protective outside layer on stems and roots.
Epidermis The layer of cells that make up the outer covering on a plant. (AKA: dermal tissue)
Guard cell One pair of cells that function in the opening and closing of a plans stomata by the changes in their shape.
Xylem Vascular plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals away from the roots throughout the plant and is composed of vessel elements and tracheids.
Vessel Element Elongated, tubular plant cell that forms xylem strands and conducts water and dissolved substances.
Tracheid Long, cylindrical plant cell in which water passes from cell to cell through pitted ends.
Phloem Vascular plant tissue composed of seive tube members and companion cells that conducts dissolved sugars & other stuff from the leaves and stems to the roots and from the roots to the leaves and stems.
Sieve Tube Member Nonnucleated, cytoplasmic cell of the phloem.
Companion Cell Nucleated cell that helps the mature sieve tube member function in transporting dissolved substances in the phloem of vascular plants.
Ground Tissue Plant tissue consisting of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Root Cap Layer of parenchyma cells that covers the root tip and helps protect root tissues during growth.
Cortex Layer composed of ground tissues between the epidermis and vascular tissue of a root.
Endodermis Cell layer at the inner boundary of the cortex; regulates the materials that enters the plant's vascular tissues.
Pericycle Plant tissue that produces lateral roots.
Petiole Stalk that connects a plant's blade to the stem.
Palisade Mesophyll Leaf-tissue layer that contains many chloroplasts and is the site where most photosynthesis takes place.
Spongy Mesophyll Loosely packed, irregularly shaped cells with spaces around them located below the palisade mesophyll.
Transpiration Process in which water evaporates from the inside of leaves to the outside through stomata.
Auxin Plant hormone that moves in only one direction away from the site where it was produced and can stimulate the elongation of cells.
Gibberellins Group of plant hormones that are transported in vascular tissue and that can affect seed growth, stimulate cell division, and cause cell elongation.
Ethylene Gaseous plant hormone that affects the ripening of fruits.
Cytokinin Plant hormone that promotes cell division by stimulating production of proteins required for mitosis and cytokinesis.
Nastic Response Reversible, responsive movement of a plant that occurs independent of the direction of the stimulus.
Tropism Response to an external stimulus in a specific direction.
Created by: itscourtneym
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