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Biology chap 10
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | outnumber all the members of the other 4 kingdoms; most are visible only with highpowered light microscopes; Pathogenic; most are vitally important a s they are primary decomposer organisms; most are prokaryotic. |
| Pathogenic | disease causing |
| Kingdom Archaebacteria | most live in extreme environments and their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycans |
| Kingdom Eubacteria | "common" bacteria that cause disease and are used in food processing and in industry. |
| 3 Bacterial Shapes | Coccus, Bacillus, Spirillum |
| Coccus | Spheres |
| Bacillus | Rod shaped |
| Spirillum | Spiral Shapes |
| Bacterial Cell Walls | Lack Cellulose but contain a large protein/carb molecule called peptidoglycan |
| Capsules | outside the cell wall, many bacteria have capsules that vary in thickness and provide protection from drying out. |
| Gram's Stain | allows bacteria to be identified under a microscope. Positive: Purple Negative: Pink |
| Endospore | means of preservation in extreme conditions. |
| Simple Binary Fission | bacterial asexual reproduction. |
| Bacterial Nutrition | most are heterotrophic; either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic, and those that are photosynthetic do so in very dim light and oxygen is not a byproduct. |
| Parasitic | feeding on living hosts |
| Saprophytic | feeding on dead organic matter |
| Conditions for optimal growth of bacteria | Moisture, Temperature, pH, and nutrition |
| Obligate anaerobes | grows only in the absence of O2 |
| Obligate aerobes | grows only in the presence of O2 |
| Facultative aerobes | grow w/ or w/out O2 |
| Conjugation | process of genetic transfer |
| Virology | The study of viruses |
| Structure of Viruses | DNA or RNA core, Capsid, and membrane like envelope outside the capsid which develops after the virus has infected a living cell. |
| Capsid | protein covering |
| Obligate Intracellular Parasites | viruses are lifeless b/c they cannot move on their own nor can they reproduce without "hi-jacking" the organelles and enzymes of a host organism/cell |
| Viroid and Prions | smaller than viruses but also disease causing agents. |
| Virulence | the ability of a virus to effect a cell is called |
| The Lytic Cycle | the activity of virulent virus. |
| Steps of Lytic cycle | Attachment, entry, replication and transcription, assembly, and release. |
| Lysogenic Virus | after entry the virus remains inactive for a period of time when it continues the lytic cycle; during the latent phase the viral DNA or RNA can incorporate into the cells genome and multiplied each time the cell divides. |
| Persistent infections | host cell does not lysis but slowly releases viral particles. |
| Transforming virus | the virus transforms the metabolism but doesn't destroy it causing the new cells that come from the division of host cell to be dysfunctional. |
| Pathogens | an agent that invades the body and causes disease |
| Etiology | cause of a disease process |
| Toxins | poisons that produce symptoms |
| Exotoxins | secreted by pathogens; cause symptoms |
| Endotoxins | Remain in pathogen and cause problems upon pathogen's death. |
| Incubation Period | time between contraction and symptoms |
| Communicable diseases | spread from one person to another |
| Airborne | via droplets in the air |
| Direct Contact | Via touch |
| Contamination | Food/water |
| Wound | even a small cut |
| Vector-carried | via insect/anthropod |
Created by:
mere
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