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DNA Protein Synth.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complementary base pairing | hydrogen bonding particular bases- in DNA-T pairs with A and G pairs with C- RNA- U pairs with A and G pairs with C |
| DNA helicase | plays a part in dna replication and also requires some atp to function as activation energy |
| DNA polymerase | enzymes involved in template directed synthesis of dna from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (reverse transcriptase) that uses an rna template |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA that has genes from more than one source |
| Replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA |
| Semi-conservative Replication | normal process of DNA synthesis, the two original strands of the molecule separate, and each acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is laid down |
| Anti-codon | Three base sequences in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA |
| Codon | Three base sequence in a messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation |
| DNA sequence (genetic code) | sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins- biochemical basis of heredity and nearly universal in all organisms |
| Elongation | two trna with their amino acids move into a site a and p of the ribosome peptide bonds join the amino acids |
| Environmental Mutagen | agent, such as ultraviolet light or a radioactive element, that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism |
| Genetic disorder | pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene or by a chromosomal aberration |
| Initiation | Starting point of replication or translation in macromolecule biosynthesis |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Ribonucleic acid whose sequence of codons specifies the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis |
| Mutation | Alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition |
| Termination | stop of mRNA synthesis (i.e., transcription) at the terminator site top of protein synthesis (i.e., translation) at the stop codon |
| Transcription | Process resulting in the production of a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a segment of DNA |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis at one end- binds to the amino acid and at the other end it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon |
| Translation | sequence of codons in mRNA dictates the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide |
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alubbe
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