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Vitamins & Minerals
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic substances are needed in ____ amounts | small |
| organic substances ___ and ___ | promote growth and maintain health |
| human cells cannot produce ____ except for ____ | vitamins.....vit D |
| coenzymes essential to metabolic processes | vitamin B complex |
| precursor of retinol needed to normal vision | vitamin A |
| regulates calcium metabolism | vitamin D |
| needed to produce prothrombin | vitamin K |
| which lipd-soluble vitamins must be ingested with lipids to be absorbed in the small intestine= _, _, _, _ | A, D, E, K |
| excessive intake of vitamins can lead to ____ | dangerously high levels |
| excess vitamins are stored ___ | in the liver and adipose tissues |
| absorbed with water in digestive tract, which vitamins __ and ___ | C and B |
| water-solube vitamins | C and B |
| lipid-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| vitamins that are easily dissolved in the body fluids and blood | water-soluble vit |
| excess of ____ vitamins cannot be stored so they must be ingested daily | water-soluble (c and b) |
| supplements should never ___ | substitute for healthy diet |
| what certain factors contribute to deficiency | pverty, chronic alcohol/drug, and prolonged parenteral feeding |
| obtained from food containing carotenes | vitamin A (retinol) |
| 2 forms of vitamin D are __ and __ | D2 (from dairy) and D3 from UV light |
| found in plant-seed oils, whole-grain cereals, eggs, certain organ meats and is the primary antioxidant | vitamin E (tocopherols) |
| mixture of several chemicals | vitamin K |
| 2 types of vitamin K are __ and ___ | K1 (plant source) K2 (microbial flora in colon) |
| vitamin K is needed for ____ | clotting |
| can cause scurvy | vit C def |
| can cause beriberi | thiamine B1 def |
| can cause pellagra | niacin B3 def |
| can cause pernicious or megaloblastic anemia | cyanocobalamin B12 def |
| indicate need for pharmacotherapy with water-soluble vitamins | def of riboflavin (B2), folic acid (B9), pyridoxine (B6) |
| where do you find vit E | in plant-seed oils, whole-grain cereals, eggs, certain organ meats |
| where do you find vit K | K1- plant sources K2- microbial flora in colon |
| vit needed for clotting | vit K |
| inorgainic substances | minerals |
| very small amounts are needed to maintain normal metabloism | minerals |
| constitute 4% of body weight | minerals |
| excess ____ can be toxic | minerals |
| administered for severe liver disease | thiamine |
| may cause severe flushing but has no permanent harm | niacin and pyridoxine |
| women of childbearing age should be assessed for ____ | folic acid def |
| those pts with hx of kidney stones to not use ____ | vit C |
| advise pt using vit C to also____ | have increase in fluid intake |
| ____ are not stored in the body | water-soluble vit |
| seven major minerals (macro) | Ca, Cl, Mg, Ph, K, Na, sulfur |
| marcominerals must be obtained daily in sources _____ | of 100 mg or > |
| nine trace minerals (micro) | Fe, iodine, fluorine, zinc |
| microminerals must be obtained daily in amount of ____ | 20 mg or < |
Created by:
TayBay15
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