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SLS Bio 12 DNA(SPA)

SLS bio 12 DNA Protein Synthesis (SPA)

TermDefinitionExample
complementary base paring Hydrogen bonding between the standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing In DNA Thymine is paired with Adenine, and Guanine with Cytosine
DNA helicase An Enzyme that unwinds and separates the two DNA strands by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds apart. unzips the DNA strand so that two daughter strands can be formed
DNA polymerase enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from their nucleotide building blocks. Usually functioning is pairs
recombinant DNA DNA that contains genes from more than one source
replication A orocess where DNA makes a copy of itself. The DNA is unziped by an enzyme then polymerase which puts the bases in place, Then the nucleotides bond together according to their pair. Resulting in two identical strands.
semi-conservative replication When DNA is replicating on the new DNA chains there will be one new chain(daughter) and one old chain(parent).It is semi conservative because it has one of each
anti-codon 3 nucleotides together on the tRNA that are complementary to three codons on the mRNA. The anti codon CCA will match up with GGU during protein synthesis.
codon Three base sequence in messanger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation
DNA sequence (genetic code) The sequence of bases in DNA that determins which amino acids will be put into a protein during translation.
elongation The second step of translation where tRNA keep brining in the correct anticodons and matching up to the codons. As the amino acids move through the create a chain of proteins.
environmental mutagen A substance found in the enviroment that effects DNA negatively. It effects how the DNA separates and replicates. There are chemical mutagens and enviromental mutagens.
genetic disorder A disorder caused by genetic mutations of the genes.
initiation The firs step of Translation where a small and large ribome come together and feeds through the mRNA with the first codon AUG (startcodon)
messanger RNA (mRNA) sinlge stranded nucleotide polymer made by copying a strand of DNA in the process of transcription. Carries genetic information for protein synthesis that it brings to the ribosomes.
mutation Change in the genetic structure of a chromosome. Caused by mutagens Gene or Chromoson mutation. Addition, deletion and subsitution are three types of gene mutation.
termination The final step in translation that indicates the end of the chain. Uses a specific terminating codon that does not cary an amino acid.
transcription process resulting in the production of a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a segment of DNA
transfer RNA (tRNA) specificaly shaped RNA molecule that hasan antio codon on one end and an amino acid on the other. TRNA transports amino acid to ribosomes for translation. 64 different tRNA. ex mRNA GGU matches with CCS the antiocodon.
translation process in which the sequence of condons in mRNA dictates the sequence of amino acids and polypeptides
Created by: StephanieAvery
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