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Anatomy-Muscles
Chapter 6 muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of a skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of a skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | the ability to recoil to original shape after being stretched |
| Fascia | outermost layer of muscles, separates muscles from each other |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath around outside of a muscle |
| Perimysium | surrounds fasicles |
| Endomysium | surrounds muscle fibers |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Actin | thin, resemble pearls, light band |
| Myosin | thick, resemble golf clubs, dark band |
| Myofilaments | Actin, Myosin |
| Sarcomere | organization of myofilaments from Zline to Zline |
| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across a cell membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of charge when a muscle is stimulated |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers |
| nueromuscular junction | (synapse)Where a nerve cell branches into a muscle |
| motor unit | a motor nueron and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber below presynaptic terminal |
| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic terminal and muscle fiber |
| acetylcholine | nuerotransmitter secreted by synaptic vesicles |
| acetylcholinesteracse | enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimuli |
| threshold | level of stimulus in which muscles will contract |
| all-or-none response | maximal contraction of a muscle |
| lag phase | time lapse between application of a stimulus and beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time when a muscle relaxes |
| tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| creatine phosphate | can be stockpiled when a muscle is at rest |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid to glucose and replenish depleted stores of creatine phosphate in muscle fibers |
| muscle fatigue | tiredness of muscles, results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| isometric | length of muscle doesn't change, tension increases |
| isotonic | amount of tension doesn't change, length changes |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch | contract slowly and fatigue slowly |
| origin | stationary end of a muscle |
| insertion | end of muscle undergoing greatest movement |
| belly | portion of muscle between origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work against each other to create movement |
| prime mover | one muscle playing a major role in a group of synergists |
| trunk muscles | muscles that move the vertebral column |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| abdominal wall muscles | The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera. |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. |
| hamstrings | posterior thigh muscles |
| linea alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| rectus abdominis | On each side of the linea alba |
| Tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented. |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes eyelids |
| buccinator | flattens cheek |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| lavator labil superovis | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| mastication muscles | temporalis, masseter |
| tongue muscles | intrinsic, extrinsic |
| neck muscles | sternocleidomastoid, prime mover rotates the head |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris, buccinator |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
Created by:
auraluna
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