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Biology 151
Chapter 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inheritance of acquired characteristics | Changes that individuals acquired during their lives were passed on to their offspring |
| Population genetics | study of the properties of genes in populations |
| Allele Frequencies | proportion of black and white individuals, assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
| Genotype frequencies | homozygous dominant BB cats would make up the p^2 group, |
| Assortive mating | phenotypically similar individuals mate, is a type of nonrandom that causes the frequencies of particular genotypes to differ greatly from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg principle. |
| Disassortive mating | phenotypically different individuals mate, produces an excess of heterzygous |
| Genetic Drift | In small populaitons, frequencies of particular alleles may change drastically by chance alone. Changes in allele frequencies occur randomly, as if the frequencies were drifting from their values. |
| Founder Effect | new island only bring their alleles, no previous species, no alleles are lost |
| Bottleneck effect | losing alleles; a catastrophy occurs on an island kills of either some species or all of that species |
| Artificial selection | breeder selects for the desired characteristics. |
| Fitness | Reproductive success |
| Frequency-depemdemt selection | favors certain phenotypes depending on how commonly or uncommonly they occur. |
| Negative frequency-dependent | rare phenotypes are favored by selection. |
| Positive frequency-dependent | favoring common forms, tends to eliminate variation from a population |
| oscillating selection | selection favors one phenotype at one time and another phenotype at another time |
| Heterozygous advantage | favors individuals with copies of both alleles and works to maintain both alleles in the population.` |
| disruptive selection | eliminate intermediate types. |
| stabilizing selection | eliminate both extremes from an array of phenotypes, increase the frequency of the already common intermediate type. |
| Directional Selection | one extreme or the other |
| Gene flow | one population of same species, one population of same species elsewhere; individuals of those species mate. |
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trishagirl18
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