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SLSBio12CellStructur
SLSBio12CellStructurePCGD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active transport | A kind of transport wherein ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient, which means movement in the direction opposite that of diffusion – or – movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. |
| Carrier protein | A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane. |
| Cell membrane | The outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. |
| Channel protein | can bring charged substances through the membrane |
| Concentration gradient | a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. |
| Diffusion | The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
| Endocytosis | A process in which cell takes in materials from the outside by engulfing and fusing them with its plasma membrane. |
| Facilitated transport | A form of passive transport in which materials are moved across the plasma membrane by a transport protein down their concentration gradient ; hence, it does not require energy. |
| Fluid-mosaic membrane model | A model conceived by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972 to describe the structural features of biological membranes. |
| Glycolipid | oligosaccharides covalently attached to lipid as in the glycosphingolipids found in plasma membranes of all animal and some plant cells. |
| Glycoprotein | proteins with covalently attached sugar units, either bonded via the OH group of serine or threonine O glycosylated) or through the amide NH2 of asparagine |
| Hydrophilic | Having an affinity for water; capable of interacting with water through hydrogen bonding; hygroscopic. |
| Hydrophobic | Lacking an affinity for water; insoluble in water; repelling water. |
| Hypertonic | Of or pertaining to a solution (e.g. extracelllular fluid) with higher solute concentration compared with another. |
| Hypotonic | refers to a solution with a comparatively lower concentration of solutes compared to another |
| Isotonic | Having equal tension. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of a solvent (usually water molecules) through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. |
| Passive transport processes | A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Phagocytosis | The process of engulfing and ingestion of particles by the cell or a phagocyte (e.g. macrophage) to form a phagosome |
| Phospholipid | A lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. |
| Phospholipid bylayer | The two layers of phospholipids arranged in such a way that their hydrophobic tails are projecting inwards while their polar head groups are projecting on the outside surfaces |
| Pinocytosis | A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles |
| Pressure gradient | a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. |
| Selectively permeable | A feature and a function of the plasma membrane that is essential to maintain homeostasis by regulating the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. |
| Tonicity | A state of normal firmness or functional readiness of body tissues or organs; a condition of sustained partial contraction of resting or relaxed muscles. |
Created by:
pierrick02
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