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Apologia Bio Mod 6
Definitions for Apologia Biology - Module #6 (2nd Edition)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absorbtion | the transport of dissolved substances into cells |
| digestion | the breakdown of absorbed substances |
| respiration | the breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy |
| excretion | the removal of soluble waste materials |
| egestion | the removal of non-soluble waste material |
| secretion | the release of biosynthesized substances |
| homeostasis | maintaining the status quo |
| reproduciton | producing more cells |
| cell walls | a rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells |
| middle lamella | the thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells |
| plasma membrane | the semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings |
| cytoplasm | a jelly like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| ion | substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons |
| cytoplasmic streaming | the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell contents |
| mitochondria | the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| lysosome | the organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids |
| ribosomes | `non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell |
| rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes |
| smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes |
| leucoplast | organelles that store starches or oils |
| chromoplasts | organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis |
| central vacuole | a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes |
| waste vacuoles | vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion |
| phagocytisis | the process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells |
| phagocytic vacuole | a vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs |
| pinocytic vesicle | vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorbtion of large molecules |
| secretion vesicle | vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released |
| golgi bodies | the organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell |
| microtubiles | spiral strands of protein molecules that form tube-like structures |
| nuclear membrane | a highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| chromatin | clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of the cell |
| cytoskeleton | a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement |
| microfilaments | fine, threadlike protein found in the cells of cytoplasm |
| intermediate filaments | threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |
| phospholipid | a lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group |
| passive transport | movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion |
| active transport | movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion)aided by a process that requires energy |
| isotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution |
| hypertonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| plasmolysis | collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water |
| cytolysis | the rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure |
| hypotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of a cell that resides in the solution |
| activation energy | energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going |
Created by:
SweetPeaMcD
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