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LE Review Ch. 3-4
NYS LE curriculum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asexual reproduction | when a cell splits, creating two identical clones |
| Clones | 2 identical organisms, with the same exact DNA |
| Biotechnology | using technology to build/alter living tissue |
| Chromosome | condensed (squished up) DNA, found in the nucleus |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid. Sequence of letters, A, T, C, G that pass on traits |
| Genes | part of the DNA that “codes” for a trait |
| Genetic engineering | altering genes, usually to treat or cure a disease ex)breast cancer gene. Bacteria making insulin |
| Genetic recombination | during meiosis, some genes get switched between chromosomes (crossing over) |
| Heredity | passing traits (genes) from parent to offspring |
| Mutation | change in DNA that alters a gene |
| Replicate | copy chromosomes before cell division |
| Selective breeding | when organisms choose their mates |
| Sexual reproduction | 2 parents each provide half the number of chromosomes. Increases variation in the species |
| Traits | characteristic inherit from your parents |
| Differentiation | when identical cells change to become specialized. |
| Egg | female sex cell (haploid-half # chromosomes) |
| Embryo | developing fertilized egg, cells are all the same |
| Fertilization | act of combining the egg and sperm cell |
| Gamete | egg cell and sperm cell |
| Fetus | after 2 months of development, organs are formed |
| Meiosis | cell division resulting in half number of chromosomes (haploid) |
| Mitosis | normal cell division. Creates clones. |
| Ovaries | in the female, where eggs are released |
| Placenta | connection between mother’s uterus and baby. Nutrients and oxygen pass through. |
| Sex cell | male and female cells that will combine during fertilization |
| Species | organisms that can reproduce and make offspring that are fertile |
| Sperm | male sex cell (haploid -half # chromosomes) |
| Uterus | part of female reproductive system where baby develops. |
| Zygote | fertilized egg, one cell |
| Estrogen | female hormone responsible for sexual dev’t and menstrual cycles. |
| Testosterone | male hormone responsible for sexual dev’t and formation of sperm |