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LD BIO Ch 3
LD BIOLOGY TEST CH 3 (BASIC CHEMISTRY)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ELEMENT | the simplest form of matter; a substance (i.e.: nitrogen) made up of a single type of atom. |
| COMPOUND | a substance composed of two or more different kinds of atom (i.e.: H20) |
| ATOMIC NUMBER | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the number that identifies an element |
| MASS NUMBER | the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| ISOTOPE | atoms that differ from other atoms of the same element by the number of neutrons in their nucleus |
| ATOMS | basic building blocks of matter; smallest particles of an element that have the properties of that element; consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons |
| NUCLEUS | a cell organelle that contains the cell's genetic information in the form of chromosomes |
| PROTONS | positively charged particles found in the nuclei of all atoms; have roughly the same mass as neutrons |
| NEUTRONS | particles in the nuclei of atoms that have no electrical charge; have roughly the same mass as protons |
| ELECTRONS | negatively charged particles found in the spaces outside the nuclei of atoms; have much less mass than protons or neutrons |
| ATOMIC NUMBER | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the number that identifies an element |
| MASS NUMBER | the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atoms. |
| ISOTOPES | atoms that differ from other atoms of the same element by the number of neutrons in their nucleus |
| RADIOACTIVITY | the process in which the nucleus of an atom gives off radiation or charged particles: changes the atom to another isotope or a different element |
| RADIOISOTOPES | radioactive isotopes |
| MOLECULE | an uncharged group of atoms held together by covalent bonds: the small particle that retains the properties of a covalent bond. |
| CHEMICAL BOND | a force of attraction between atoms that holds them together in compounds |
| COVALENT BOND | a chemical bond that is formed by the sharing of electrons |
| DIATOMIC MOLECULE | a molecule formed when two atoms of the same element combine in a covalent bond, such as O2 |
| ION | an atom or group of atoms with an excess electrical charge |
| IONIC BOND | the force of attraction between two ions in a chemical compound |
| CHEMICAL FORMULA | a written representation of a compound in which a chemical symbol replaces each element. |
| STRUCTURAL FORMULA | a kind of chemical formula that shows how atoms in a molecule are bonded to one another |
| CHEMICAL REACTION | the process in which chemical bonds are broken and the atoms form new bonds, producing new substances. |
| REACTANTS | the substances that take part in chemical reactions |
| PRODUCTS | the new substances produced by chemical reactions |
| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS | the principle stating that mass can neither be created nor destroyed |
| MIXTURE | a combination of substances that are physically mixed without forming new chemical bonds |
| SOLUTION | any homogeneous mixture |
| SOLVENT | the substance, usually a liquid, that makes up the bulk of a solution |
| SOLUTES | substances that are dissolved in solvents |
| SUSPENSION | a mixture that separates when left still |
| COLLOIDAL DISPERSION | a mixture in which the solute particles are larger than molecules or ions, but are too small to settle out. |
| ACID | any compound that produces hydrogen ions in water solution |
| BASE | any compound that produces excess hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| NEUTRALIZATION | the reaction of an acid with a base to produce a neutral solution |
| SALT | an ionic compound produced by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base |
| pH | a unit of measurement that indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| INDICATOR | a substance that changes color when the pH goes above or below a certain value. |
Created by:
desilva13
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